IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - 46
enfriamiento del conductor sea adecuado, lo que conducirá a
una capacidad de línea mayor en general.
Sin embargo, la dinámica del proceso tiene excepciones
importantes. La más importante de ellas es cuando un aumento
rápido de la velocidad del viento en la planta de generación,
que suele ser la llegada de viento en contra, provoca un crecimiento rápido de la potencia generada en el parque eólico. Esto
aumenta la corriente en la línea casi instantáneamente, mientras
que el viento llegará a la extensión de la línea en intervalos de
tiempo de hasta 20 a 30 min. En este intervalo, el calentamiento
de los conductores puede ser considerable e indeseado.
La situación inversa, en la que el viento disminuye repentinamente, mantendrá la corriente durante algún tiempo
debido a la inercia de las turbinas, y los conductores generarán un calentamiento interno considerable, al tiempo
que perderán rápidamente parte de su capacidad de enfriamiento. No obstante, este tipo de evento tendrá una duración
mucho más corta, alrededor de unos pocos minutos, ya que
las turbinas eólicas no tienen una inercia alta.
Como otra precaución importante, los tipos de aumentos
de capacidad que se presentan aquí no pueden asumirse en
general. Las condiciones ambientales pueden variar significativamente en líneas más largas y terrenos irregulares,
causando temperaturas variables en los conductores de diferentes puntos a lo largo de la línea.
Hay dos conclusiones muy importantes que surgen de los
análisis elaborados durante este artículo. La primera es que
la combinación del modelado, el análisis y el monitoreo en
tiempo real de los conductores de las líneas y las condiciones ambientales tiene el potencial de aumentar los límites de
Densidad de la corriente (A /mm2)
4
1,200 A
3.5
1,000 A
3
800 A
2.5
2,000
4,000
Tiempo (s)
Densidad de la corriente (A /mm2)
Capa media
Capa interna
Capa media
Capa externa
4.2
4
Capa externa
Capa
interna
3.8
3.6
6,000
0
10
(a)
20
30
40
Alambre conductor
50
(b)
80
T1
T2
T3
60
T1
T2
T3
70
Temperatura (°C)
Temperatura (°C)
70
50
40
60
50
40
30
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
Tiempo (s)
(c)
20,000
14,200
14,300
Tiempo (s)
(d)
14,400
gráfico 12. Los resultados EM y térmicos de las pruebas del conductor ACSR. (a) La densidad de corriente en las tres
capas conductoras. (b) La densidad de corriente en cada uno de los 54 conductores con 1,200 A. (c) El aumento de la
temperatura cuando se aplica una corriente alta. (d) La distribución de la temperatura radial [detalle de (c)].
46
ieee power & energy magazine
marzo/abril 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - March/April 2020 - Cover4
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