Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 31

Examinar las opciones de conversión disponibles
deja en evidencia la necesidad de evaluar la selección
de la configuración en cada caso.

En una configuración híbrida, como la que se muestra en el
gráfico 6, un circuito puede permanecer en funcionamiento
como una línea de CA mientras que el otro se convierte en
un monopolo flotante o un bipolo. Alternativamente, el gráfico 7 muestra la posibilidad de convertir una línea de CA de
doble circuito en dos bipolos independientes.
Se puede implementar un único bipolo como se muestra en el gráfico 8. Esto utiliza todos los conductores a su
máxima capacidad. Sin embargo, con esta configuración, el
sistema HVdc solo podría funcionar como un bipolo rígido
a menos que se incluya una disposición para una ruta de
retorno en la conversión, ya sea a través de un electrodo a
tierra o conductores neutros adicionales.
Examinar las opciones de conversión disponibles deja
en evidencia la necesidad de evaluar la selección de la configuración en cada caso. La solución óptima dependerá de
muchos factores, incluidos el costo, las condiciones de los
conductores y de las torres existentes, los factores ambientales, la disponibilidad de terrenos para las estaciones convertidoras y los electrodos a tierra, los requisitos de duración
para las interrupciones del servicio y los criterios de funcionamiento.

Requisitos de aislamiento
Existen varias diferencias entre los requisitos de aislamiento
de los sistemas de CA y CC, que deben tenerse en cuenta
para convertir una línea de transmisión de CA en una línea
de CC. En particular, los espacios de separación requeridos
para los sistemas de CC son menores que para los sistemas
de CA, dado que las sobretensiones de conmutación para los
sistemas de CC son más bajas que las de los sistemas de CA.
Como tales, los espacios de separación para CC se determinan examinando los requisitos de rendimiento de la iluminación. Además, los espacios de separación para los sistemas
de CC requieren un margen más alto en alturas elevadas.
A 2,000 m sobre el nivel del mar, los espacios de separación para un sistema HVdc deben aumentarse en un 25 %,
en comparación con el 15 % para un sistema de CA de alta
tensión.
Los sistemas de CC también son más susceptibles a la
contaminación porque el campo eléctrico de CC que rodea
el aislamiento atrae más partículas contaminantes. Este
problema se puede superar mediante el uso de aisladores
compuestos, que brindan una mejor protección ante la contaminación que los aisladores de vidrio o cerámica para una
longitud determinada.
mayo/junio 2019

Efecto corona
Las pérdidas atribuidas al efecto corona son similares para los
sistemas de CA y CC en condiciones meteorológicas favorables.
Sin embargo, la lluvia y las heladas causan un gran aumento en
las pérdidas por el efecto corona para los sistemas de CA, mientras que las de sistemas de CC no se ven tan afectadas por estos
factores. Además, los sistemas de CC en operación monopolar
pueden generar un gradiente de superficie en los cables a tierra
que excede su gradiente de comienzo del efecto corona. Esto
puede resultar en altos niveles de corona entre el conductor del
polo y el cable a tierra, lo que tendrá un impacto perjudicial
en el rendimiento corona de la línea de CC. Sin embargo, este
efecto no se produce en el funcionamiento bipolar.

Ruido audible
Las líneas de CC producen menos ruido audible que las
líneas de CA, principalmente porque la contribución del
tabla 1. Las distancias de fuga mínimas
para diferentes niveles de contaminación.
CIGRE Valor del
Valor del
IEC
B4-105 diseño
diseño
Zona
(mm/ (mm/
seleccionado seleccionado
(Contaminación) kV)
kV)
(mm/kV)
(in/kV)

I Leve

27

26-34

30

1.2

II Medio

34

32-44

38

1.5

III Intenso

43

56

56

2.2

IV Extremo

53

70

70

2.8

tabla 2. La selección de tensión de CC.
Tensión
Distancia
de CA Longitud del Cantidad de de
(kV)
aislador
aisladores fuga

Tensión
de CC
seleccionada
(kV)

138

3 pies, 4.2
in
(1.02 m)

Siete

10 pies,
2.6 in
(3.1 m)

100

230

6 pies, 8.5
in
(2.05 m)

14

20 pies,
5.3 in
(6.2 m)

200

345

10 pies,
6.5 in
(3.2 m)

22

32 pies,
1.4 in
(9.8 m)

320

500

13 pies,
4.9 in
(4.1 m)

28

40 pies,
10.5 in
(12.5 m)

400

ieee power & energy magazine

31



Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019

Contents
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover1
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover2
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Contents
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 2
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 3
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 4
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 5
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 6
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 7
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 8
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 9
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 10
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 11
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 12
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 13
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 14
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 15
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 16
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 17
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 18
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 19
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 20
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 21
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 22
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 23
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 24
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 25
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 26
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 27
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 28
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 29
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 30
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 31
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 32
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 33
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 34
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 35
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 36
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 37
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 38
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 39
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 40
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 41
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 42
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 43
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 44
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 45
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 46
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 47
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 48
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 49
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 50
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 51
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 52
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 53
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 54
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 55
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 56
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 57
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 58
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 59
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 60
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 61
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 62
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 63
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 64
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 65
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 66
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 67
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 68
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 69
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 70
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 71
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 72
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 73
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 74
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 75
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 76
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 77
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 78
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 79
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 80
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 81
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 82
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 83
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 84
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 85
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 86
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 87
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 88
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 89
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 90
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 91
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 92
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 93
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 94
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 95
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 96
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 97
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 98
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 99
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 100
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 101
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 102
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 103
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 104
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 105
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 106
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 107
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 108
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 109
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 110
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 111
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 112
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 113
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 114
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 115
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 116
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 117
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 118
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 119
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 120
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 121
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 122
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 123
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 124
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 125
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 126
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 127
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 128
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 129
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 130
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 131
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 132
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 133
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 134
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 135
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 136
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 137
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 138
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 139
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 140
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 141
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 142
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 143
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 144
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover3
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0708_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0506_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0304_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0102_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_1112_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0910_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0708_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0506_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0304_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0102_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_111220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_1119
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0917
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0517
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0317
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_1116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0916
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_111217
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com