IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - 56

sola instalación o carga. Las redes puntuales no proporcionan
la misma redundancia extensa que las redes malladas,
pero son considerablemente menos costosas. Los sistemas de
redes secundarias radiales generalmente brindan un servicio
de 277/480 V o 120/208 V. La figura 2 describe una típica
red secundaria puntual. Todos los conductores son trifásicos.
En la parte superior se observa un único servicio principal,
pero una red secundaria puntual puede tener más de uno.
El servicio principal suministra N alimentadores primarios,
coloreados de diferente manera para facilitar la lectura del
diagrama. Cada alimentador primario, a su vez, abastece
a una unidad de red que se conecta a un solo alimentador
secundario. Cada alimentador secundario abastece a un
nodo de carga trifásico, también llamado nodo colector o
nodo paralelo. Los nodos de carga están unidos mediante
interruptores normalmente cerrados. Algunas redes puntuales
utilizan interruptores de rápida acción en lugar de interruptores
normalmente cerrados para proporcionar un aislamiento
de la falla en el nodo de carga.
P
Servicio principal (SP)
CB
CB
CB
Protección de las redes secundarias
Estrategia de protección general
A continuación siguen dos aspectos clave para la estrategia
de protección de la red secundaria importantes en lo que respecta
a la discusión sobre FED y microrredes:
1) La protección contra fallas en los conductores de redes
secundarias tiende a depender de los altos niveles
de corriente de falla normalmente disponibles en dichos
sistemas.
2) La protección contra fallas en los alimentadores primarios
se basa, en parte, en el flujo de corriente unidireccional
en las unidades de red.
Considere primero la protección de los alimentadores de la
red secundaria y los conductores contra las corrientes de
falla. Esto normalmente aprovecha las corrientes de falla
disponibles en las redes secundarias, que tienden a ser muy
altas. Los fusibles y limitadores de cables son comunes en
los alimentadores secundarios de las redes puntuales y en
Hacia alimentador principal
NT
NU
NU
NU
NU
=
32
P, Q
P, Q
P, Q
NP
78
Hacia alimentador secundario
(b)
NC: interruptor normalmente cerrado
NU: unidad de red
P, Q
NC
Enlace
Cargas
P, Q
NC
Enlace
Cargas
(a)
P, Q
NC
Enlace
Cargas
figura 2. Una red secundaria radial típica sin FED: (a) la topología de circuito, mostrando las direcciones de flujo eléctrico
P, Q y (b) una unidad de red. NC: interruptor normalmente cerrado.
56
ieee power & energy magazine
mayo/junio 2021
P, Q
NC
Enlace
Alimentado
principal 1
(SP)
Alimentador
secundario 1 (BT)
Alimentado
principal 2
(SP)
Alimentador
secundario 2 (BT)
Alimentado
principal N
(SP)
Alimentador
secundario N (BT)

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover3
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