IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - 61
FED e indica que el flujo eléctrico a través de los protectores
de red es unidireccional. En la figura 4, se agregaron FED a
la misma red y el flujo eléctrico a través de los protectores de
red ahora puede ser en cualquier dirección, como muestran
las flechas P, Q en la figura 4. Este flujo eléctrico inverso
debe diferenciarse de los flujos de corriente de falla inversos,
y debe existir una forma de desconectar el NT de la red
secundaria si se separa en su lado primario.
El segundo desafío involucra grandes diferencias en la
corriente de falla disponible de una red secundaria y la disponible
de una microrred con origen en IBR. La figura 5 representa
la red mallada en la figura 4 seccionada en cuatro microrredes.
La microrred A es una sola FED que alimenta a una instalación
en un nodo dedicado. Por lo tanto, es posible que no contenga
ningún conductor de red secundario dentro de su límite. Las
microrredes B, C y D involucran una FED en una parte de la
red secundaria que abastece a una carga en otra parte y, como
consecuencia, hay conductores de la red secundaria que forman
una parte de cada una de estas microrredes. Aunque la
disponibilidad de corriente de falla en estos conductores será
dramáticamente diferente entre los modos dentro como fuera
de la red, sigue siendo necesario disponer de un sistema de protección
que aísle y desenergice la falla en ambos casos.
Las microrredes B, C y D tienen más de un punto de interconexión
con la red más grande. Si se combinaran en una
microrred mallada, el sistema resultante disfrutaría de los
beneficios de confiabilidad de las fuentes locales y de tener
rutas de alimentación redundantes a nivel de la distribución.
Sin embargo, habría desafíos adicionales en la coordinación
de la transición desde fuera de la red hacia adentro de la
red y viceversa. Las transiciones de fuera de la red hacia
adentro de la red pueden ser caracterizadas de dos maneras.
Las transiciones abiertas son aquellas en las que una microrred
se desenergiza y luego tiene un arranque autónomo en
el modo fuera de la red. Las transiciones cerradas, a veces
denominadas transiciones fluidas, son aquellas en las que
la tensión y la frecuencia de una microrred se mantienen
dentro de los límites especificados durante la transición y
FED
Servicio principal (SP)
CB
CB
FED
CB
NU
NU
NU
NC: interruptor
normalmente cerrado
NU: unidad de red
FED
FED
OO NC
Enlace
Cargas
A
Enlace
Cargas
B
figura 6. Una red secundaria radial seccionada en dos microrredes, denominadas A y B. Las líneas punto-guión indican
los límites de la microrred. Las porciones grises del sistema están fuera de las microrredes. O: nodos interruptores
secundarios abiertos.
mayo/junio 2021i
eee power & energy magazine
61
Enlace
Cargas
FED
O
Enlace
Alimentador
principal 1
(SP)
Alimentador
secundario 1 (BT)
Alimentador
principal 2
(SP)
Alimentador
secundario 2 (BT)
Alimentador
principal N
(SP)
Alimentador
secundario N (BT)
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2021 - Cover4
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