IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - 20
En 1956, un grupo de científicos participó en el Proyecto de
Investigación de Verano de Dartmouth sobre Inteligencia Artificial,
ampliamente reconocido como el nacimiento de la IA como campo
de investigación.
personales (PC), muchos métodos ya estaban siendo aplicados
el pronóstico de carga. El trabajo de Dryar representa
algunos de ellos, le asigna valores a diferentes variables para
pronosticar la carga del sistema. El concepto es como la
regresión lineal múltiple, que utiliza varias variables explicativas
para predecir el resultado de una variable de respuesta.
Aparentemente, en ese momento, los parámetros no
fueron estimados por computadoras que ejecutaban paquetes
de software estadísticos.
Algunos pronosticadores de carga mantuvieron un libro
de perfiles de temperatura emparejados con perfiles de
carga para diferentes tipos de días en diferentes estaciones.
Por la mañana, miraban el pronóstico del tiempo, elegían el
perfil de temperatura más cercano del libro y encontraban el
perfil de la carga correspondiente para ese día. Esto también
es conocido como el método del día similar, que todavía se
usa en muchas salas de control actualmente, ya sea manualmente,
al igual que en la era anterior a las PC, o de manera
automatizada a través de programas informáticos con algoritmos
sofisticados.
Algunos pronosticadores de carga también descubrieron
otras formas creativas. Por ejemplo, un pronosticador podría
dar un paseo en bicicleta por el territorio del sistema todas
las mañanas. Al regresar a la oficina, pesó su camisa, que
llevaba mucho sudor durante un día caluroso y húmedo o
poco sudor durante un día frío y ventoso. Una camisa más
pesada indicaba una mayor carga máxima para el día y viceversa.
Este método físico se basó en un cuerpo humano para
incorporar el efecto del clima en la carga del sistema. Hoy en
día, podemos capturar los efectos del clima utilizando modelos
completos con varias variables climáticas.
Inicio de la IA, dos olas
y dos inviernos
Mucho antes de la Edad Media, los filósofos y matemáticos
chinos, indios y griegos ya habían comenzado a investigar
1879: Thomas Edison inventa la bombilla incandescente
1882: Construcción de la Estación Pearl Street
1895: Construcción de la Central Eléctrica Niagara Falls
1902: Willis Carrier inventa el aire acondicionado
1944: Se publica el artículo " El efecto del clima en la
carga del sistema " de Henry Dryar
1945: Se crea la ENIAC
(a) Eventos de pronóstico de la carga
1974:
1930s:
Matemáticos y lógicos intentan
formalizar la noción
de computabilidad
1940s:
Los científicos comienzan
a investigar si las
máquinas pueden pensar
como los humanos
1943: Primera neurona artificial
1948: " Maquinaria inteligente " , por Alan Turing
1956: Proyecto de investigación de verano de Dartmouth
(b) Eventos de IA
figura 1. Los principales eventos relacionados con el pronóstico de la carga y la IA. ENIAC: El integrador numérico electrónico
y la computadora.
20
ieee power & energy magazine
mayo/junio 2022
Retropropagación de la disertación
de Paul Werbos'
1969: Se publica " Perceptrones: una introducción a
la geometría computacional " , de Marvin Minsky
y Seymour Papert
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover4
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