IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - 44

de rendimiento que no se basan en índices estadísticos y no
dependen de la calidad del conjunto de prueba.
Garantías de comportamiento
de la red neuronal
Hasta ahora, los métodos convencionales evalúan qué tan bien
rinde la red neuronal al medir su rendimiento en un conjunto
de prueba (p. ej., la precisión y otros índices estadísticos).
No obstante, este proceso es puramente estadístico y no nos
puede indicar con exactitud cuál será la predicción para cualquier
punto que no se incluya este conjunto, lo que es fundamental
para cualquier aplicación fundamental para la seguridad.
El objetivo es desarrollar técnicas que evalúen regiones
continuas enteras, en vez de tan solo puntos discretos, a la
hora de probar una red neuronal. Esto nos permite considerar
cualquier punto posible dentro de una región de datos de
entrada y garantizar el rendimiento de la red neuronal para
cualquier punto en esta región. Lo logramos mediante el uso
de métodos de optimización. Resulta que podemos reescribir
las ecuaciones que definen una red neuronal de manera
tal que se pueden incorporar a un problema de optimización.
Debido a esta reformulación, ahora podemos analizar una red
neuronal de una forma totalmente nueva.
Los métodos como los que mencionamos en este artículo
pueden proporcionar garantías a los operadores del sistema
sobre cómo se comportará una red neuronal para regiones
enteras de operación del sistema eléctrico. Al mismo tiempo,
eliminan la dependencia de la calidad del conjunto de datos de
prueba. En lugar de tener que muestrear una cantidad potencialmente
enorme de datos de prueba para abarcar todos los
escenarios posibles (y aun así no obtener garantía o certeza
algunas), ahora podemos resolver un solo problema de optimización
para una parte continua de la región de datos de entrada.
Para ilustrar este marco, examinamos las dos siguientes
preguntas centrales, cada una para una tarea de clasificación
y regresión:
Análisis de rendimiento convencional (evaluación estadística)
Escenarios operativos posibles del sistema eléctrico
Clasificación de seguridad de la red neuronal
Seguro
Red neuronal
entrenada
Límite de seguridad
previsto
Inseguro
Límite de seguridad
de verdad terreno
(a)
Obtener garantías de rendimiento
Regiones operativas posibles del sistema eléctrico
Clasificaciones garantizadas por la red neuronal
Seguro
Red neuronal
entrenada
Límite de seguridad
previsto
Inseguro
Límite de seguridad
de verdad terreno
(b)
Agregar muestras al conjunto
de datos de entrenamiento
para mejorar
la robustez
figura 4. Una comparación del estándar de evaluación del rendimiento de la red neuronal con la nueva metodología
propuesta. (a) Los procedimientos convencionales usan un conjunto de prueba y (b) las técnicas propuestas obtienen
garantías de rendimiento para regiones de entrada continua.
44
ieee power & energy magazine
mayo/junio de 2022

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - 3
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2022 - Cover4
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