IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - 60

La respuesta a la demanda futura, como mediante la gestión
de calefacción eléctrica y vehículos eléctricos, requerirá
que se integren miles de millones de los llamados " prosumidores "
al sistema de manera confiable. Las pruebas evidenciaron
que, si bien el volumen potencial de la flexibilidad en
el lado de la demanda es enorme, acceder a él es complejo.
Ya que el objetivo principal de estos activos no son los servicios
del sistema, la respuesta de tiempo y la disponibilidad
de estos activos para brindar servicios del sistema claramente
limita qué servicios se pueden suministrar y en qué volumen.
La situación es distinta con la generación de energías
renovables. Como constituirá una proporción dominante de
la matriz energética, deberá, por sí misma y en conjunto con
otras tecnologías, como las baterías, proporcionar no solo
energía sino también servicios del sistema. La regulación
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
00:58
50.1
50.05
50
49.95
49.9
00:58
01:00
01:02
01:04
01:06
(b)
01:08
01:10
01:12
figura 7. Suministro de 1 MW de FCR simétrica por parte de un parque eólico de 12-MW. (a) Potencia activa.
(b) Frecuencia.
01:14
10 de julio de 2020
01:00
01:02
01:04
01:06
(a)
01:08
apoya este cambio con códigos de red, guías, reglas de mercado
mejoradas y cambios en los lineamientos operativos del
sistema. La gestión y el control de la potencia activa y reactiva
incluyen cada vez más la aplicación de tecnologías innovadoras.
Los tiempos de activación deben cumplir con los
códigos de red existentes y pueden variar entre unos minutos
o incluso menos para los servicios del sistema, como el control
de la frecuencia.
Es complicado coordinar estos servicios por la necesidad
de gestionar las congestiones del sistema cuando las ubicaciones
del sitio de generación varían, tanto en términos geográficos
como del nivel de la tensión. La previsión de los
flujos de energía en todos los niveles del sistema es esencial
para saber qué activos se podrían activar sin crear restricciones
adicionales en otras partes del sistema.
Potencia máxima disponible
Potencia de referencia
Potencia total decreciente de reserva
Energía eólica real
01:10
01:12
01:14
10 de julio de 2020
figura 8. Sistema de almacenamiento de energía a batería instalado por ENERCON en el EDF I&D Concept Grid
(Francia).
60
ieee power & energy magazine
julio/agosto 2022
Frecuencia (Hz)
Potencia activa (kW)

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover4
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