IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 100
figura 9. Vista satelital actual de Google de la central hidroeléctrica Croton Dam.
American Electrician (Nueva York)
de junio de 1904 informó que George
Erwin de Muskegon tenía interés en
construir tres presas en el río Muskegon y en erigir una central eléctrica
en cada una de ellas para suministrar
potencia a Grand Rapids, Big Rapids y
Muskegon. Engineering News (Nueva
York) del 5 de enero de 1905 hacía el
siguiente anuncio:
Grand Rapids-Muskegon Water
Power Company, recientemente
constituida bajo las leyes de Maine con un capital de $ 1,000,000,
construirá una o más presas en
el río Muskegon, según sus necesidades, para desarrollar la energía hídrica para uso comercial
en Grand Rapids, Muskegon,
Big Rapids y otros lugares. La
primera presa se construirá en
el puente Rogers, a unos ocho
kilómetros por debajo de Big
Rapids. El trabajo preliminar
al respecto ya está en marcha.
Costará alrededor de $ 400,000.
Thomas Hume, de Muskegon,
es Presidente; Thomas Monroe,
de Muskegon, y W. A. Foote,
de Jackson, son vicepresidentes;
Geo. L. Erwin, de Muskegon, es
Secretario, y John G. Emery es
tesorero.
Thomas Hume de Muskegon fue
socio de un negocio de pinares y madera y presidente de una empresa de
100
ieee power & energy magazine
muebles. Thomas Munroe (no Monroe)
fue presidente de un banco en Muskegon. George L. Erwin tenía un negocio inmobiliario en Muskegon y había
estado comprando derechos de flujo a
lo largo del río Muskegon, anticipando
su uso para proyectos hidroeléctricos.
La asociación de estos tres hombres de
negocios de Muskegon con William A.
Foote alcanzaría rápidamente a un éxito espectacular. El Instituto Estadounidense de Ingenieros Eléctricos celebró
una reunión especial sobre la transmisión de alta tensión en Chicago el 24 de
mayo de 1907. Al día siguiente, hubo
una excursión para visitar el sistema de
transmisión de 66,000 V de la Grand
Rapids-Muskegon Power Company,
"siendo esta, a la fecha, la central de
mayor tensión puesta en funcionamiento comercial".
La figura 8 muestra las líneas de
transmisión de alta tensión de Grand
Rapids-Muskegon Power Company
en 1908. El mapa es útil para describir los acontecimientos de 1906-1908.
La estación de la presa Rogers entró en
funcionamiento el 1 de abril de 1906,
transmitiendo a 66,000 V a través de la
estación de conmutación de Casnovia
a Muskegon y Grand Rapids, y poco
después, la tensión se elevó a 72,000
V. La línea directa a Grand Rapids aún
no existía. La construcción de la central de la presa de Croton comenzó en
junio de 1906, y el servicio de 110,000
V a Grand Rapids comenzó en julio
de 1908. Ingenieros de todo el mundo
llegaron para inspeccionar las torres de
acero desarrolladas por James B. Foote, que permitieron que las líneas de
transmisión se suspendieran de conjuntos apilados de aisladores de disco de
porcelana en suspensión de enlace recientemente desarrollados en General
Electric (figura 8). La figura 9 es una
vista satelital actual de las instalaciones de la presa de Croton.
Algunos hitos de los
primeros sistemas
hidroeléctricos de alta
potencia
Me he centrado deliberadamente en
las tensiones y distancias de transmisión y no en la capacidad de la central.
La historia de los primeros sistemas
hidroeléctricos de muy alta potencia
comenzó cuando el sistema de la Compañía Hidroeléctrica del Niágara entró
en funcionamiento en 1895 con una
transmisión trifásica a 11,000 V y una
capacidad de 11 MW en la central eléctrica número 1, que aumentó a 38 MW
en 1900. Cuando la central eléctrica
número 2 entró en funcionamiento en
1902-1904, la capacidad total aumentó
a 79 MW, y cuando se añadió una central del lado canadiense en 1905-1906,
la capacidad total aumentó a 117 MW.
Un hito europeo tuvo lugar en Alemania en 1898 con la inauguración
septiembre/octubre 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover4
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