IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 23
se han archivado (al menos por ahora), constabla 1. La capacidad instalada total en India (en megavatios),
tituyen importantes inversiones hundidas, lo
marzo de 2020.
cual probablemente atormentará al sector, al
Energía
FER
menos desde el punto de vista de la participaSector
Térmico
nuclear
Hidropotencia (MNRE)
Total
ción del sector privado.
Estado
74,216
0
26,959
2,357
103,532
Como se señala en la sección "Desafíos
para el desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica
Privado
86,875
0
3,394
82,770
173,039
en India", parte de esta falta de rendimiento
puede ser atribuida a políticas inconsistentes
Central
69,718
6,780
15,347
1,632
93,477
y poco prácticas a nivel estatal y a su aplicaTotal
230,810
6,780
45,699
86,759
370,048
ción desordenada. Los autores han participado
estrechamente en la preparación de varios de
%
62
2
12
23
100
los IDP aprobados/acordados para proyectos,
los cuales fueron claramente viables. Con la
Los valores fueron redondeados al megavatio entero más cercano o al
porcentaje del total regional. (Fuente: sitio web de CEA, http://cea.nic.in/
excepción de un par de proyectos, los desarroreports/monthly/installedcapacity/2020/installed_capacity-03.pdf.)
lladores interrumpieron las tareas de implementación en casi todos estos proyectos antes
de la fase de puesta en marcha. Se iniciaron muchos otros
proyectos, pero los trabajos de construcción no pudieron conA diciembre
A diciembre
tinuar o se retrasaron excesivamente debido a varios factores
2010
2019
fuera del control de los desarrolladores.
Sin embargo, en los últimos años, los responsables de
169,749 MW
367,280 MW
formular políticas han reconocido que la disponibilidad de
Total
electricidad confiable, accesible y sustentable es un requerimiento esencial para impulsar la historia de crecimiento
65 %
63 %
en India. Se ha reconocido que todas las energíales fuentes
Térmica
de energía tendrán que ser aprovechadas para satisfacer la
demanda prevista y garantizar la seguridad energética. Si
22 %
12 %
bien las energías renovables jugarán un papel importante
Hidropotencia
para acortar la distancia y garantizar la seguridad energética, la energía hidroeléctrica, con su abundante energíal,
10 %
23 %
puede contribuir sustancialmente a satisfacer las necesidaRenovable
des energéticas del país, así como a proporcionar apoyo en
cargas máximas y servicios auxiliares.
3%
2%
El gobierno ha notado que la alta dependencia de India
Nuclear
en las fuentes de generación térmica representa una grave
amenaza para la seguridad energética en términos de disponibilidad de combustible, la viabilidad económica a largo figura 3. La evolución de la mezcla de energía en India
plazo y, sobre todo, la sustentabilidad ambiental. Para honrar desde 2010 a 2019.
su contribución decidida a nivel nacional a favor del cambio
climático, India se ha puesto como meta añadir 175 GW de
y tiene un papel importante que desempeñar en el obenergía renovable para 2022. Además, el gobierno ha projetivo de India de alcanzar el objetivo de generación
metido que, para 2030, las fuentes no fósiles de combustieléctrica del 40 % a través de fuentes de combustibles
ble constituirán el 40 % de la capacidad total de generación
no fósiles para 2030.
de energía de la nación. Este último objetivo sería difícil de
✔✔ Control de inundaciones: La mayor parte de las prelograr sin introducir la energía hidroeléctrica en la ecuación.
cipitaciones en el subcontinente indio ocurre durante
meses de monzón. Las inundaciones severas son una
característica anual común en muchos estados del
Las ventajas de la potencia hidroeléctrica
norte y noreste y causan una pérdida inaceptable de
vidas y propiedades año tras año. Varios proyectos hiLa perspectiva india actual
droeléctricos identificados y bien estudiados incluyen
Desde la perspectiva actual de India, la energía hidroelécla moderación de las inundaciones como un aspecto
trica ofrece varias características únicas además de sus
importante. Es de interés nacional que los desarrollabeneficios tradicionales.
dores de proyectos tengan el incentivo adecuado para
✔✔ Sustentabilidad: Se reconoce a la energía hidroelécllevar a cabo estos planes.
trica como una fuente sustentable de energía limpia
septiembre/octubre 2020
ieee power & energy magazine
23
http://cea.nic.in/
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover4
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