IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 24
cla de energía, lo cual incluye la inevitable jubilación a
largo plazo de la generación basada en carbón y el aumento de las fuentes intermitentes, pondrían un mayor
énfasis en el uso de centrales hidroeléctricas y de almacenamiento por bombeo para ayudar a suavizar las
cargas máximas diurnas en la demanda de potencia.
✔✔ Estabilidad de la red: La penetración masiva en curso
y propuesta de fuentes de energía intermitentes (eólica y solar) en el sistema eléctrico indio hace que el
desarrollo hidroeléctrico (lo cual incluye la energía
hidroeléctrica con almacenamiento por bombeo) sea
casi indispensable para mitigar los problemas de inestabilidad de la red. Las lecciones aprendidas de muchos países ricos en energías renovables indican que la
energía hidroeléctrica (incluida la energía hidroeléctrica con almacenamiento por bombeo) proporciona
una de las soluciones más sustentables para la capacidad de equilibrio a escala de red.
✔✔ Potencia durante cargas máximas: El papel de la energía hidroeléctrica en el cumplimiento de las demandas
de potencia en los periodos de carga máxima es bien
conocido. Los cambios continuos y futuros en la meztabla 2. Las regiones de la red eléctrica en India.
Región norte
Jammu, Cachemira, Ladakh, Himachal
Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh,
Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand y Uttar
Pradesh
Región
occidental
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Maharashtra, Goa, Daman y Diu, y Dadar
y Nagar Haveli
Región oriental
Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, Bengala
Occidental, Sikkim y Andaman y Nicobar
Región sur
Telangana, Andhra, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Kerala, Pondicherry y Lakshadweep
Región noreste
Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Tripura y Nagaland
Otras ventajas tradicionales
Además de los beneficios descritos anteriormente, el país se
beneficiaría intrínsecamente de las siguientes características
hidroeléctricas específicas.
✔✔ Capacidad de arranque autógeno: Las plantas hidroeléctricas solo necesitan una fuente relativamente
pequeña de potencia para el arranque/iluminación de
una planta inactiva. Esto permite a los gestores del sistema brindar potencia auxiliar a otras fuentes de generación que podrían tardar horas o incluso días en arrancar.
✔✔ Confiabilidad de la potencia: Por lo general, los caudales de los ríos se pueden predecir de forma confiable utilizando datos históricos a largo plazo. Como
resultado, la generación de energía a partir de una
central hidroeléctrica se puede predecir de forma más
confiable que la generación a partir de centrales eólicas y solares.
✔✔ Bajo costo de funcionamiento: Las centrales hidroeléctricas tienen un bajo costo de funcionamiento,
en algunos casos, es menos de la mitad que las centrales térmicas.
✔✔ Larga vida económica: La vida de las centrales en proyectos hidroeléctricos se encuentra normalmente en el
rango de los 40-50 años. De hecho, su vida útil puede
aumentarse hasta 100 años a través de la renovación y
tabla 3. El estado del potencial hidroeléctrico en India.
Capacidad identificada
según el estudio de
reevaluación
Capacidad en
funcionamiento
Capacidad en
construcción
Capacidad en
operación + en
construcción
Capacidad aún
por comenzar
construcción
Región
Total
(MW)
Superior a
25 MW (MW)
MW
%
MW
%
MW
%
MW
%
Norte
53,395
52,263
19,023
36
6,381
12
25,404
49
26,859
51
Oeste
8,928
8,131
5,552
68
400
5
5,952
73
2,179
27
Sur
16,458
15,890
9,689
61
1,060
7
10,749
68
5,141
32
Este
10,949
10,680
4,923
46
1,253
12
6,176
58
4,505
42
Noreste
58,971
58,356
1,727
3
2,300
4
4,027
7
54,329
93
Total
148,701
145,320
40,914
28
11,394
8
52,307
36
93,013
64
Los valores fueron redondeados al megavatio entero más cercano o porcentaje. (Fuente: sitio web de CEA http://cea.nic.in/
reports/monthly/hydro/2020/hydro_potential_region-02.pdf.)
24
ieee power & energy magazine
septiembre/octubre 2020
http://cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/hydro/2020/hydro_potential_region-02.pdf
http://cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/hydro/2020/hydro_potential_region-02.pdf
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover4
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