IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 40
Por supuesto, existen límites a las posibilidades de
conexión entre Noruega y los sistemas circundantes, como
Europa continental y las capacidades de los embalses. Esto
significa que hay límites a la cantidad de energía que puede
transportarse hacia y desde Noruega, y que la capacidad de
almacenamiento de los embalses es limitada. Recuerden que
se debe tener en cuenta la afluencia natural de la lluvia y el
derretimiento de la nieve y el hielo.
Perspectiva para el futuro (próximo)
Para aumentar el intercambio de energía entre Noruega y
los países vecinos de Europa continental y el Reino Unido,
se necesita una nueva capacidad de interconexión e insta-
laciones de producción flexibles en Noruega. En cuanto a
las capacidades de interconexión, ya hay dos proyectos
en fase de construcción. Se tiene previsto que el proyecto
NordLink entre Noruega y Alemania, con una capacidad
de 1,400 MW, entre en funcionamiento en 2020. El nuevo
interconector será propiedad de Statnett y TenneT Alemania.
También hay un proyecto que une Noruega y Gran Bretaña,
el NSL. Este interconector también tendrá una capacidad
de 1,400 MW. Propiedad de Statnett y National Grid, tiene
prevista su puesta en marcha a fines de 2021. Además, el
proyecto NorthConnect, que vincula el oeste de Noruega con
Escocia, está actualmente en proceso de autorización. Este
cable también está previsto con una capacidad de 1,400 MW.
Se prevé la necesidad de una mayor flexibilidad para
controlar la creciente cantidad de producción eólica y solar
volátil. También se asume que esta flexibilidad se tornará
más valiosa. En Noruega, se puede encontrar ya sea utili-
zando más eficazmente el sistema existente o creando nueva
capacidad. En este último caso, las nuevas plantas de alma-
cenamiento por bombeo pueden ser interesantes. Las plan-
tas noruegas de almacenamiento por bombeo existentes se
construyeron para un funcionamiento estacional. Han exis-
tido proyectos de investigación y planes para explorar nuevas
instalaciones de almacenamiento por bombeo. El concepto
más interesante ha sido buscar una central eléctrica exis-
tente con embalses lo suficientemente grandes tanto aguas
40
ieee power & energy magazine
arriba como aguas abajo. Hay varias ubicaciones posibles
para dicho proyecto. Sin embargo, se ha determinado que
no es redituable continuar el desarrollo del proyecto. Los
estudios han demostrado que los sistemas noruego y nórdico
pueden manejar un aumento considerable en la generación
no controlable. Debido a esto, es difícil encontrar argumen-
tos económicos para nuevas plantas de almacenamiento por
bombeo en Noruega a corto plazo.
Se han cumplido las expectativas de proyectos desarro-
llados hace 20-30 años. El desarrollo de grandes cantida-
des de fuentes eólicas y solares incontrolables ha aumen-
tado el valor de los interconectores, tanto económica como
ambientalmente.
Lecturas complementarias
"Overview of Norway's electricity history: Information from
NVE and Norad" (Visión general de la historia de la electri-
cidad en Noruega: información de NVE y Norad), Norwegian
Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, Nov. 2016.
"The Norwegian Hydro Power History Report" (Informe
sobre la historia de la hidropotencia en Noruega), Ministerio
de Petróleo y Energía de Noruega, Oslo.
CIGRE JWG C2/C5-05, "Changes in the business and
interfaces of system operators facing liberalisation and res-
tructuring" (Cambios en el negocio y las interfaces de los
operadores de sistemas que se enfrentan a la liberalización
y la reestructuración), CIGRE, Paris, Francia, C2/C5-05,
Rep. n.° 39-203, 2002.
"Joint declaration on main market coupling principles by
the TSOs of the CWE and Nordic regions" (Declaración con-
junta sobre los más importantes principios de acoplamiento
de mercados de los GRT de las regiones CWE y nórdicas).
Biografías
Tom Tellefsen pertenece a Statnett, Oslo, Noruega.
Jan van Putten pertenece a TenneT, Arnhem, Países Bajos.
Ole Gjerde pertenece a Statnett, Oslo, Noruega.
p&e
septiembre/octubre 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover1
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