IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 69
puerta aislada con una mejora significativa en el rendimiento dinámico. Actualmente, las clasificaciones de los
VSC-HVdc son menores que las de los LCC-HVdc. Los
sistemas de VSC-HVdc se instalan actualmente con una
clasificación de 3,000 MW a una tensión de transmisión de
± 525 kV, y se están desarrollando clasificaciones superiores. Para aplicaciones especiales como la conexión de plantas eólicas marítimas o la conexión a/entre redes débiles,
los VSC-HVdc a menudo ofrecen la única solución viable a
nivel tecnoeconómico.
Uso de VSC-HVdc para transformar
sistemas eléctricos
En la actualidad, la aplicación más destacada en la actualidad para la transmisión de energía a gran escala con HVdc
sigue siendo la interconexión de redes asíncronas (véase la
figura 1). Los interconectores de HVdc pueden implementar tanto tecnología de LCC o VSC según las necesidades
del proyecto. Independientemente de la tecnología utilizada,
la HVdc es la solución preferida a nivel técnico y económico para conectar redes asíncronas, entrecruzar entornos
marítimos y permitir un intercambio de energía controlable.
Debido a la flexibilidad, compacidad y rendimiento dinámico de los VSC-HVdc, los gestores de redes de transmisión
de todo el mundo tienden a favorecer esta tecnología y la
utilizan en una amplia gama de aplicaciones, como:
✔ la integración de fuentes eólicas marítimas remotas a
la red eléctrica, lo cual requiere de largos cables submarinos, subestaciones marítimas compactas y una
fuente de tensión en el extremo remoto,
✔✔ potencia desde la costa para instalaciones marítimas,
como las plataformas de petróleo y gas,
✔✔ suministro energético del centro de la ciudad (para
megaciudades),
✔✔ la conexión de islas remotas, y
✔✔ redes superpuestas de CC flexibles y de terminales
múltiples.
En los últimos años, los sistemas de HVdc integrados
dentro de los sistemas de CA síncronos también han recibido
un gran interés y están siendo planificados e instalados en
todo el mundo. Un sistema de HVdc integrado se define
como:
un enlace de CC con al menos dos extremos conectados físicamente dentro de una red única de CA síncrona. Con una conexión así, puede realizar no solo
la función básica de transmisión de energía a gran escala, sino también, algunas importantes funciones de
control adicionales dentro de la red de CA, como el
control de flujo de potencia o de la tensión, la mejora
de la estabilidad del sistema y la mitigación de las fallas en cascada del sistema.
(Véase "CIGRE", Rep. Técnico 536, en la sección "Lecturas
complementarias" para obtener la definición).
Las aplicaciones de los sistemas de HVdc integrados
incluyen:
✔✔ esquemas de HVdc en paralelo en sistemas con altos
niveles de malla para controlar el flujo de potencia,
por ejemplo, control de flujo de potencia ultrarrápido
que responde a contingencias, o para evitar flujos de
bucle;
✔✔ enlaces de HVdc paralelos a líneas de CA para aumentar la capacidad de transferencia de un corredor
combinado al operar líneas de CA más cerca de su
límite térmico; y
✔✔ corredores de HVdc de larga distancia para la integración de generación renovable remota o para dar
servicio a centros de carga remotos dentro de una red
síncrona.
Lo interesante acerca del VSC-HVdc integrado no solo
es su funcionalidad principal de transferencia de potencia a
Por Kevin Schönleber,
Alexandre Oudalov,
Athanasios Krontiris y
Peter Lundberg
©ISTOCKPHOTO.OCM/SERGEI DUBROVSKII
septiembre/octubre 2020
ieee power & energy magazine
69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover4
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