IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 89
historia
Adam Allerhand
Energía Hidráulica
los primeros 30 años
A
A TRAVÉS DE UN BOLETÍN DE
la Compañía Edison Electric Light
Company, con fecha 20 de diciembre
de 1882, se informó que tres residencias en Appleton, Wisconsin, tenían
un sistema de iluminación eléctrica
Edison impulsado por la energía hídrica (figura 1). En 1933, el capítulo de
Appleton de las Hijas de la revolución
estadounidense colocó una placa conmemorativa con el siguiente mensaje:
"Cerca de este lugar se erigió la primera central hidroeléctrica del mundo en
1882". De hecho, la historia de la energía hidroeléctrica para un solo usuario
comenzó en 1878 en Northumberland
(Inglaterra), y la historia de la energía
hidroeléctrica comercial continua para
múltiples usuarios comenzó en 1880 en
Grand Rapids (Michigan).
Antecedentes
Desde tiempos remotos, se usan ruedas
hidráulicas para operar maquinarias.
En Europa Occidental, el molino de
agua y de viento fueron las principales
fuentes de energía motriz durante muchos siglos hasta que se introdujeron
las máquinas de vapor de Newcomen,
Smeaton y Watt en el siglo XVIII.En
la figura 2, circa 1600, se muestra un
molino de agua usado para moler grano. En 1827, el ingeniero francés Benoît Fourneyron inventó un nuevo tipo
de rueda hidráulica que se convirtió en
la primera turbina de agua comercial.
Las turbinas de Fourneyron impulsan
Identificador de Objeto Digital 10.1109/MPE.2020.2999791
Fecha de la versión actual: 19 de julio de 2020
septiembre/octubre 2020
A lo largo de los años de la IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, no ha sido una práctica común incluir la columna "Historia" en la sección "Presenta". Casualmente,
no una sino dos presentaciones casi simultáneas de historia coincidieron con el
tema de esta edición, la energía hidroeléctrica; por lo que decidimos publicar
ambos artículos como un contexto histórico añadido a los artículos presentados.
En el primer artículo de "Historia", Adam Allerhand explora los primeros
30 años de energía hidroeléctrica desde Northumberland, Inglaterra, en 1878
hasta la presa de Croton, Michigan, en 1908. Allerhand identifica tanto las instalaciones privadas como las públicas de aquellos tiempos, así como la información sobre los sistemas de transmisión asociados a las centrales hidroeléctricas.
Damos la bienvenida a Adam Allerhand por segunda vez a nuestras páginas
de "Historia". Allerhand es profesor emérito de química en la Universidad de
Indiana, Bloomington. Es autor de aproximadamente 100 trabajos de investigación, la mayoría de ellos en el campo de la espectroscopía de resonancia
magnética nuclear. Es miembro de la Asociación Estadounidense para el Avance
de la Ciencia desde 1987. También es el autor de Una historia ilustrada de la
iluminación eléctrica (2016).
En el segundo artículo de "Historia", Deepak Tiku presenta la historia de
la central hidroeléctrica de Mohra en el valle de Cachemira, en el río Jhelum,
incluido el gran desafío de dragar dicho río como parte del proyecto general.
Damos también la bienvenida a Deepak Tiku por segunda vez a nuestras páginas de "Historia". Tiku está asociado con NTPC Limited, Nueva Delhii. Es autor
y coautor de artículos que han sido presentados o publicados en varios foros.
Fue miembro del Grupo B4 del Comité de Estudio Nacional del CIGRÉ (Enlaces
HVdc y Electrónica de Potencia).
John Paserba,
Editor Asociado, "Historia"
molinos de varios pisos impulsados por
gravedad con mínima manipulación
humana.
A principios de la década de 1830,
se inventaron los generadores magnetoeléctricos a manivela, después de que
Michael Faraday descubriera la induc1540-7977/20©2020IEEE
ción electromagnética en 1831. El químico sueco, Jakob Berzelius, predijo
en 1833 que la energía hidroeléctrica se
convertiría en una constante e inmensa
fuente de energía eléctrica. Cuando se
dispuso de generadores magnetoeléctricos comerciales impulsados por energía
ieee power & energy magazine
89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2020 - Cover4
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