IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - 57
Panel solar 300 W-2 kW
Controlador de carga
solar MPPT (30 A)
Banco de batería de 24 V
Distribución
de 24-V
TV LED 24″ (15 W)
Batería
figura 2. Una configuración típica de la nanored solar CC y las cargas suministradas.
IEEE Smart Village liderados por la GHE en 2016. National
Geographic Television filmó la expedición como parte de
su serie de documentales Breakthrough producida por Ron
Howard y Brian Grazer de Imagine Entertainment.
La importancia del sustento
y el acceso a la energía
El acceso a la energía debería aliviar el problema de la
pobreza y generar ingresos para las comunidades a fin de
que el modelo de negocios sea sostenible. La mayoría de las
instalaciones de acceso a la energía en el mundo se centran
en sistemas de pago por consumo o basados en medidores.
Es beneficioso hacer un seguimiento y obtener una amortización
por los sistemas instalados, pero
siempre surge una pregunta fundamental.
Estas comunidades tienen familias de bajos
ingresos. Entonces, ¿es sostenible cobrarles
por la electricidad? El IEEE Smart Village se
enfoca en brindar a las familias oportunidades
de generación de ingresos con el objetivo
de que puedan pagar por los servicios y mantener
la infraestructura instalada de energía.
En el área de Ladakh, los asentamientos
están agrupados muy cerca uno del otro, con
una densidad similar a la de los edificios de
departamentos, como se ilustra en la figura
1. Durante los meses invernales, las temperaturas
son tan bajas (−20 °C) que los residentes
rara vez salen de sus hogares. Para que
el diseño sea confiable y simple, se decidió
que estas comunidades recibirían un mejor
servicio con pocos sistemas CC de 24-V, en
lugar de una sola minirred. Cuando comenzamos
hace diez años, la tecnología de las
septiembre/octubre 2022
minirredes no estaba tan avanzada como ahora. De todas
maneras, incluso con este mayor desarrollo, la simpleza de
los sistemas CC de 24-V ofrece particulares ventajas para las
zonas rurales remotas debido a su facilidad de instalación.
Observamos una configuración típica de la nanorred
solar CC y las cargas suministradas en la figura 2. Todos
los sistemas instalados se basan en una tensión de distribución
de 24-V o 48-V y una tensión operativa de 12-V para
dispositivos. Cada hogar tiene un controlador de carga solar
del seguidor de punto de máxima potencia (MPPT, por sus
siglas en inglés) de 20-A. Un controlador de carga solar del
MPPT es un convertidor electrónico de CC a CC que une
paneles solares con un banco de batería. Se instalan cables
Distribución
de 24-V
Ventilador CC
operativo de 12 V
Ventilador
CC (9 W)
Bombilla
LED (2 W)
figura 3. Voluntarios instalan paneles FV para alimentar una nanored
para el Monasterio de Lingshed.
ieee power & energy magazine
57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2022 - Cover4
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