IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 37

posición con el tiempo. Por lo tanto, es posible utilizar el
cambio de ubicación como un indicio de señales falsificadas
o comprometidas.
Aunque los receptores de GNSS de múltiples constelaciones
no pueden detectar cada tipo de ataque de falsificación,
ofrecen un nivel efectivo de defensa.
Receptores redundantes
Evitar puntos únicos de fallas es
una buena práctica bien establecida
cuando se trata de diseñar
sistemas críticos. Este objetivo
puede lograrse utilizando receptores
de GNSS redundantes. La figura
5 explica cómo dos relojes con un
selector de fuente de IRIG-B pueden
proporcionar redundancia de
relojes de GPS. Pese a alcanzar la
redundancia desde una perspectiva
del hardware del reloj, el selector
de fuente de IRIG-B aún presenta
un punto único de falla. La figura
6 aborda este problema permitiendo
que cada reloj acepte una
señal de temporización del otro
reloj. Cada reloj genera una salida
de temporización local de acuerdo
con su propia referencia interna y
utiliza la señal del otro reloj solo si
detecta un problema con su propio
sistema de temporización interno.
Los métodos que se muestran en las figuras 5 y 6 proporcionan
cierto nivel de redundancia del hardware que
incluye el reloj, la antena y el cableado de RF. En caso de
que ocurriera una falla catastrófica, como una falla en el
suministro eléctrico, los IED que reciben información de
temporización del reloj o los relojes afectados perderán su
fuente de tiempo.
Reloj de GPS
Reloj de GPS
independiente
Multiplexor
de SONET
Multiplexor
de SONET
Reloj de GPS
Multiplexor
de SONET
Red en anillo SONET
de OC-48
Multiplexor
de SONET
Nodo de SONET con
reloj de GPS integrado
Multiplexor
de SONET
Multiplexor
de SONET
figura 7. Sistema de SONET con receptores de GPS integrados para la distribución
de tiempo de alta precisión. OC: portadora óptica (Fuente: Schweitzer Engineering
Laboratories; utilizada con permiso).
Reloj maestro del
estándar 1588 del
IEEE (primario)
Subestación C
Reloj de GPS
A IED
Subestación B
Subestación D
Subestación A
A IED
Reloj maestro del
estándar 1588 del
IEEE (secundario)
Reloj de GPS
Reloj de GPS Reloj de límite del estándar
1588 del IEEE
A IED
figura 8. Distribución de tiempo del PTP 1588 del IEEE con múltiples referencias de relojes maestros (Fuente: Schweitzer
Engineering Laboratories; utilizada con permiso).
septiembre/octubre 2023ieee power & energy magazine
ieee power & energy magazine
37

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 73
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover4
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