IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 61

Otro aspecto importante es que estos métodos siguen
basándose en el control del acceso y, por tanto, dependen de
la confianza en el receptor de la información. Como hemos
dicho, establecer esa confianza no es tarea fácil.
DP
La DP es una técnica estadística para proteger la privacidad
de los algoritmos, como las consultas estadísticas de bases
de datos que permiten abrir la base de datos a consultas de
terceros. La idea básica es ofrecer una respuesta aleatoria a
las consultas de bases de datos, utilizando un mecanismo
para generar la respuesta aleatoria que está diseñado para
garantizar que los atributos confidenciales de los datos utilizados
en el cómputo de la consulta sean difíciles de adivinar
a partir de la respuesta. Su mecanismo más común consiste
en añadir " ruido " pseudoaleatorio a los resultados de las
consultas para ocultar la presencia de cualquier registro individual
en la base de datos consultada, por muy específica
que sea la consulta para revelar dicha información. Aunque
el atributo que debe ocultarse es principalmente la presencia
de un registro de datos específico en el subconjunto, la
idea puede generalizarse para ocultar un atributo de clase
concreto. Por su rigor estadístico, la DP fue utilizada por el
censo estadounidense de 2020 y también la emplean Apple,
Google y Microsoft, entre otros, para recopilar información
confidencial protegiendo al mismo tiempo la privacidad de
las personas u otros elementos contenidos en los registros de
la base de datos.
Para ser más específicos, como se ilustra en la figura 3,
consideremos dos conjuntos de datos idénticos en todos los
sentidos excepto por un registro -cambiado o ausente- y
una consulta agregada, como media, desviación estándar,
histograma, máximo, etc. Como se muestra en la figura 3, los
mecanismos de DP garantizan que las respuestas aleatorias
4
2
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
c
Centroides
verdaderos
Centroides ruidosos
Etiquetas ruidosas
-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 01 23 45 67 89
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figura 4. Diagrama de dispersión del conjunto de datos de
la infraestructura de medición avanzada con 1,409 casas. La
forma de la carga diaria de cada casa (de tamaño 24, una
medida por hora) se incrusta en un espacio 2D utilizando
un escalado multidimensional con fines ilustrativos. Los
centroides de los grupos verdadero y DP se muestran con
rombos negros y estrellas amarillas, respectivamente. De los
1,409 puntos de datos, solo un subconjunto (L, mostrado
con bordes amarillos) es elegido para recibir potencialmente
etiquetas ruidosas. Entre ellos, solo los puntos mostrados
con marcas cuadradas recibieron etiquetas ruidosas.
(a)
(b)
figura 5. Histogramas de los perfiles de carga en cada intervalo de tiempo, y por grupos. Las curvas rojas muestran el
log normal mejor ajustado: (a) clase 1 y (b) clase 3.
septiembre/octubre 2023
ieee power & energy magazine
61
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover4
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