IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 79

permite sincronizarlos en el tiempo y proporcionarnos una
visión simultánea de una amplia área para analizar diversos
fenómenos físicos en los sistemas eléctricos. La sincronización
se suele realizar mediante relojes GPS externos o utilizando
el Protocolo de Tiempo de Precisión. En la figura 2
se muestran distintos ejemplos de instalaciones reales de
WMU. Estas instalaciones incluyen instalaciones trifásicas
de media tensión en una subestación, instalaciones trifásicas
de baja tensión en activos de la red, como inversores solares,
e instalaciones monofásicas de baja tensión en tomas de
corriente. Los principios básicos son similares.
Ejemplos básicos
Las formas de onda síncronas pueden captar el mismo mismo
fenómeno físico (es decir, el mismo evento) tal y como lo ven
varias WMU en diferentes ubicaciones del sistema eléctrico.
Esta capacidad se demuestra en la figura 3. Aquí se muestran
tres ejemplos. En todos los casos, la WMU 1 y la WMU 2
están situadas en dos alimentadores de distribución de energía
diferentes pero cercanos (los dos alimentadores están cerca el
uno del otro). En el caso 1, la WMU 1 y la WMU 2 capturan
firmas similares en todas las fases. En el caso 2, la WMU 1
capta una caída de tensión en la fase A, como se indica en el
interior del óvalo rojo discontinuo. La WMU 2 capta simultáneamente
una señal mucho más grave de una falla momentánea
en la fase A. Las diferencias entre los casos 1 y 2 se deben
a las diferentes naturalezas de los dos eventos y a las diferentes
ubicaciones de los eventos en relación con las ubicaciones
de las WMU. En el caso 3, la WMU 1 capta una resonancia de
alta frecuencia en las tres fases, que no es vista por la WMU 2.
Esto sugiere que la resonancia es local. También se han capturado
casos de resonancia en todo el sistema, es decir, que
muestran resonancia tanto en la WMU 1 como en la WMU 2,
pero no se muestran aquí.
Análisis de datos de forma de onda
síncrona
Las formas de onda síncronas, que recogen datos a una velocidad
mucho mayor que los sincrofasores, suponen un nuevo
reto en el análisis de la " big data " en sistemas eléctricos, más
(b)
(a)
(c)
figura 2. Ejemplos de experimentos reales en Riverside, CA, EE. UU., para obtener mediciones de forma de onda
síncrona. (a) Instalación trifásica de 12.47 kV en una subestación. (b) Instalación trifásica de 480 V en un inversor solar
fotovoltaico. (c) Medidas monofásicas de 120 V en una toma de corriente. Fotografía de H. Mohsenian-Rad, P. Khaledian,
H. Gomez y Z.J. Ye.
septiembre/octubre 2023
ieee power & energy magazine
79

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 73
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 79
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - September/October 2023 - Cover4
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