IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 19

considerable y con impacto en las operaciones del sistema. Recientemente,
se completaron varios estudios que se
centraron en el impacto de las FED en
el sistema de transmisión, tanto durante el funcionamiento normal (por ejemplo, el papel de la previsión de energía
FV al programar la generación) como
durante las contingencias (por ejemplo,
la posibilidad de disparo de las FED

yoría de los servicios públicos adquirió experiencia con la integración de
primera mano de las FED. Sin duda,
cuestiones como la regulación de tensión en el circuito de distribución son
requerimientos críticos para las FED
interconectadas, pero otros problemas
también se han vuelto críticos a medida
que las FED se han incrementado hasta constituir una fuente de generación

EasyPower
Power System Analysis

As Easy As
CURRENT IN AMPERES X 100 AT 480 VOLTS
.5 .6

.8

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9 10

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9 100

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9 1000

2

300

400

TX-2
1 / 1.288 MVA
13.8 - 0.48 kV
6%

18.71

200

100

BL-1
GE AKR-50
1600/1760

1.90

20

3
2

BL-5
C-H HFD
225/150

.4
.3
.2

189.3

+

18

59.3

261.9

+

18

122.8

SWG-4

0.48

R-6

51/50

Switchgear

VCB + HCB

32

213.2

+

18

135.1

MCC-1

0.48

BL-2

MCC

VCB

25

53.6

+

18

6.9

VCB

25

53.1

+

18

6.8

.04
.03

.4

BL-1
18627A

.3

C-6
1 - 400 kcmil CU

TX-2
1000 / 1288 kVA
INRUSH

BL-5
Cutler Hammer Series C
HFD
Frame = 225A (150AT)
Trip = 150

.06
.05

.08
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02

BL-5
20574A

PANEL
.5 .6

.8

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9 10

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9 100

2

3

4

.2

.1

BL-3
29249A

.02

.01

152
104

.6
.5

.1
.08

PANEL

HCB

MCC

152
152

32.1
30.5

+
+

26
26

1.7
1.5
3.8

MCC-2

0.48

PNL-1

0.208

FS-2

Panel

VCB + HBB

25

48.2

+

18

7.1

PNL-2

0.208

PNL-1

Panel

VCB

25

57.8

+

18

7.7

.8

BL-3
GE MVT-9
Sensor = 800
Plug = 800
Cur
C
ur Set = 0.5 (400A)
LT Band = 1
Inst
In
st = 4 (3200A)

.6
.5

PANEL

18

VCB + HCB
VCB + HCB

BL-3

VOA

Incident
Energy
(cal/cm2)

+

Switchgear
Switchgear

1

VOA

Working
Distance
(inches)

31.6

51/50
51/50

2

Open Air
Open Air

Est Arc Flash
Boundary
(inches)

32

R-18
R-7

51/50

Other

Electrode
Gap
(mm)

BL-3

3.8
2.4

3

1

51/50

Electrode
Configuration

R-6
R-7

0.48

MAIN SWG

4

.8

Upstream
Upstream
Trip Device Trip Device Equip Type
Name
Function

13.8
13.8

M-1

REFINER

6
5

8
M-1

Arc Fault
Bus kV

BUS-3
BUS-7

10

30

8

19
.4

6
5
4

Arc Fault
Bus Name

20

40

17.58

BL-1
GE MVT-Plus
Sensor = 1600
Plug = 1600
Cur
C
ur Set = 1.1 (1760A)
LT Band = 1
STPU = 2.5 (4400A)
ST Delay = Int
ST Delay I²t = Out
Override = 50000A

8

60
50

BL-3
GE AKR-30H
800/400

30

200

80

.1

SWG-4

40

300

100

3

TX-2
1000 / 1288 kVA
6%

60
50

24

80

10

5 6 7 8 9 10000
1000
600
500

400

R

4

800

0.15

600
500

R

3

TX-2
FLA

800

TIME IN SECONDS

1000

TIME IN SECONDS

la exposición a ciberataques y peligros
físicos también aumenta. Las tecnologías de las FED localizadas pueden
ayudar al sistema de energía a ser más
resiliente cuando se produce una interrupción. Durante los peligros, el sistema eléctrico se puede reconfigurar
en segmentos seguros independientes,
cada uno con carga y generación propios. Esto puede mejorar la resiliencia
de la red para mantener los servicios
críticos en línea y restaurar el servicio
más rápido con la ayuda de la rápida
respuesta de la electrónica de potencia
en los sistemas de generación solar y
almacenamiento de energía.
Esta es la séptima edición de la
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, desde 2009, que se ha centrado en los desafíos de la integración de las FED en
el sistema eléctrico a escala. Cada uno
de los cinco artículos temáticos incluidos en esta edición se centra en múltiples elementos de la integración de las
FED, donde la tecnología centrada de
las FED, la planificación, los métodos
operativos, etc. desempeñan funciones
cada vez más importantes. A medida
que las FED se tornan prolíficas, tendrán que proporcionar más servicios/
funcionalidades de red que normalmente se han suministrado por otros
medios. Del mismo modo, a medida
que las FED se implementan en mayor
medida, la planificación y el funcionamiento de dichos sistemas se vuelven
más críticos para el correcto funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico interconectado. Los hallazgos y las perspectivas de los artículos de esta edición
proporcionan un vistazo a la investigación en curso y a los esfuerzos para
garantizar una permanente capacidad
de integración de niveles cada vez más
altos de FED idóneas en los sistemas
de energía eléctrica del mundo.
La evolución de las FED, dominada
por sistemas FV conectados a la distribución, se ha registrado a lo largo
de los años. A pesar de que aún resten
muchos desafíos, es interesante observar cómo las preocupaciones más críticas de la industria y el enfoque más
alto por parte de los investigadores se
han transformado a medida que la ma-

5 6 7 8 9 1000

2

3

4

.01
5 6 7 8 9 10000

CURRENT IN AMPERES X 100 AT 480 VOLTS

Risk Hazard
d
and Shock
Arc Flash riate PPE Require
Arc Flash and Shock
Approp
Risk Hazard
y
Appro
Boundary
Incident Energ coverallpriate PPE Requi
Flash Hazard inches - Arc Flash
red
arc rated
4' - 0 "
at 18
4' - 0 " or
rated pants
2

cal/cm
Flash Hazard Boundary
arc
shirt and
6.0
Arc-rated
ed cal/cm2 at 18 inches
- Arc Flash Incident
cover is remov
Energy
Hazard when
kV Shock
ach
0.48
Limited Appro ach
kV Shock Hazard
Appro
when cover is removed
3' - 6 "
Restricted
Limited Approach
By: 27B)
3A (Fed 1' - 0 "
ION ONLYRestricted Approach
Name: MCC-2 M CONFIGURAT
Equipment
SYSTE
Equipment Name:
NORMAL
SWG-4 (Fed By:
VALID FOR
VALID FOR NORMAL
18A)
SYSTEM CONFIGUR
ATION ONLY

6.0

0.48
3' - 6 "
1' - 0 "

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 8
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 11
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 15
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 19
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 67
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 113
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 114
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 115
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 116
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 117
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 118
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 119
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 120
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 121
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 122
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 123
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 124
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 125
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 126
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 127
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 128
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover4
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