IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 57
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Capacidad (GW)
de -generación renovable en todas las áreas de balance. Sin insolación, se ponderan tres predicciones a fin de producir
embargo, para mantener la calidad y estabilidad del fun- un pronóstico promedio para un horizonte de 3 h, como en
cionamiento del sistema eléctrico en cada áreas de balance, la figura 7. Los datos satelitales se ajustan a patrones hiscuando el balance de oferta y demanda está en peligro, la tóricos y así producir ponderaciones para cada modelo de
generación de energía renovable puede ser restringida. La pronóstico. El promedio ponderado de los tres modelos de
generación renovable se puede limitar en un áreas de balance pronóstico brinda la predicción a 3 h.
solo después de que se hayan despachado todas las centraLa figura 8 ofrece un ejemplo de una operación flexible en
les de generación térmica, HPAB e interconexiones para una central térmica para satisfacer el aumento de la demanda
minimizar la restricción bajo las limitaciones de estabilidad residual durante la noche. Además del funcionamiento
y calidad. Entre los sistemas de
energías renovables, la energía FV
y la eólica solo se pueden restrin10
8.86
gir después de una reducción de la
8.53
generación de energía de biomasa
7.85
8
porque el combustible de biomasa
6.97
se considera energía almacenable.
6.16
6
El 13 de octubre de 2018,
4.71
el operador de transmisión de
Kyushu realizó la primera res4
Lanzamiento de FIT
tricción de generación renovable
2.71
en Japón. Como se muestra en la
2
figura 5, 0.93 GW de generación
1.11
0.74
FV y eólica fueron restringidos
0.41 0.56
bajo las siguientes condiciones a
0
las 12 p.m.: 7.3 GW de demanda
eléctrica, 4.5 GW de generación
de carga base, 2 GW de generación térmica, 1.8 GW de almacenamiento de energía por centrales figura 3. Despliegue FV en Kyushu. (Fuente: Kyushu EPCO; usado con permiso).
HPAB y 1.9 GW de exportación
de potencia a través de una línea
de interconexión a un áreas de balance cercana. La tabla
2 describe los resultados de la operación para restringir
18 % Eólica (1 %)
la generación renovable. Desde la primera restricción de
generación renovable en Kyushu hasta junio de 2019, se
realizaron 56 operaciones de restricción. De marzo a mayo,
11 %
cuando la demanda es baja debido a las cargas mínimas de
10 %
10 %
FV (17 %)
aire acondicionado y la irradiación máxima, existieron restricciones más frecuentes de generación renovable, con un
máximo de 2.57 GW.
noviembre/diciembre 2020
FV-Eólica
septiembre de 2017
Demanda de
electricidad
Año fiscal 2016
Población
octubre 2016
El pronóstico de generación de energía FV y eólica está
comenzando a utilizarse para mejorar el funcionamiento del
sistema. Un pronóstico de generación FV utiliza datos de
irradiancia de ocho ubicaciones para predecir la producción
FV. Sin embargo, desde enero de 2018, el número de ubicaciones que recopilan datos de irradiancia ha aumentado a
47, lo que ha mejorado enormemente la precisión de las predicciones de salida FV (figura 6). Las predicciones de producción FV se llevan a cabo utilizando tres modelos, cada
uno con sus fortalezas y debilidades, según el patrón climático. Las predicciones de su desempeño se han evaluado
continuamente. Durante las operaciones reales, cuando los
datos satelitales se comparan con los patrones históricos de
Tierra octubre 2016
Funcionamiento del sistema
figura 4. Una comparación del despliegue FV de Kyushu
y factores relacionados como porcentajes del total de
Japón. Tenga en cuenta la diferencia significativa entre la
participación de Kyushu en la demanda total de electricidad (10 %) y la generación total de energía FV y eólica (18
%). (Fuente: Kyushu EPCO; usado con permiso).
ieee power & energy magazine
57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover3
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