IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 76
fuerte caída en las conexiones de nuevos sistemas FV y, en
consecuencia, una severa contracción de las industrias con
actividades en esta área.
En este punto, es importante mencionar que antes de
que la tormenta tropical Delta azotara Tenerife a fines de
noviembre de 2005, la red eléctrica de Canarias estaba
integrada verticalmente, y Endesa, la empresa de servicios
públicos, se encargaba del suministro eléctrico. Este evento
meteorológico produjo un parcial, pero grave apagón en la
isla, y la recuperación tomó aproximadamente una semana.
Dado que la principal causa del apagón fue la caída de algunas torres de la red de transmisión, los dirigentes canarios
persuadieron al gobierno español para que aprobara una
normativa que otorgara a la REE la operación de los seis
sistemas eléctricos y, luego de las negociaciones con Endesa,
la propiedad de toda la infraestructura de transmisión a una
tensión igual y superior a 66 kV así como cualquier gran
generador eléctrico que inyectase a la red (2011), como en la
península española. Este nuevo escenario ayuda a la REE a
45 MW
259 GWh
4.92 MW
4 MW
15 MW
ser proactiva en la construcción de nuevas subestaciones y
en la repotenciación de muchas líneas de transmisión y subestaciones para inyectar la generación de energía renovable
de multimegavatios a la red.
La mayor parte de la capacidad FV estaba muy concentrada en áreas definidas, habiendo evitado el desarrollo en
paralelo con la generación distribuida en áreas urbanas porque las grandes centrales eléctricas FV son más atractivas
para los grandes inversores que buscan terrenos económicos
(de los cuales hay una gran cantidad en las zonas semiáridas
al sudeste de cada isla) y porque, en ese momento (20052008), no era atractivo a nivel económico construir nuevas
líneas de red. De hecho, Tenerife tiene la mayor penetración
FV, y la mayor parte de los 106 MW de capacidad instalada
se concentra en dos subestaciones de 66/20 kV conectadas a
una línea preexistente de 66 kV.
Algunos inversionistas en energía FV son entidades
públicas porque regulan la tierra disponible y entienden que
la energía eólica y otras energías renovables pueden ofrecer
Carga máxima anual 2018
Demanda anual 2018
Capacidad eólica
Capacidad FV
Capacidad de bombeo
(Rojo: proyectada)
100 MVA
8 MW
42 WWh
11.5 MW
0.031 MW
11.32 MW
Lanzarote
1 × 66 kV
1 × 132 kv, 90 MVA
12 MW
73 GWh
0.36 MW
0.008 MW
2 × 66 kV
50 MVA
Interconexión
proyectada
578 MW
3,514 GWh
196 MW
106 MW
200 MW
254 MW
1,551 GWh
51 MW
19 MW
Fuerteventura
100 MVA
549 MW
3,403 GWh
173 MW
36 MW
200 MW
: 220 kV
: 66 kV
figura 3. Los circuitos de transmisión y los parámetros principales de las redes eléctricas de Canarias. La casilla con el
borde de color rojo oscuro es la clave de la información transmitida por las casillas con bordes rojo claro, el texto rojo
indica los sistemas de bombeo estudiados. Las casillas amarillas proporcionan los principales parámetros de las interconexiones en funcionamiento o en revisión. Solamente se espera repotenciar la interconexión entre Fuerteventura y Lanzarote
en el corto plazo. (Fuente: REE y el gobierno español, elaboración del autor).
76
ieee power & energy magazine
noviembre/diciembre 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover3
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