IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 93

✔✔ En los estados de Virginia y Carolina del Norte de

aproximadamente 5 minutos después de la detección
de tensión normal.
Dominion Energy instala relés multifuncionales
con reconectores, además de sistemas de monitoreo de ingresos y de calidad de la potencia (PQ, por
sus siglas en inglés) en el POI para sitios de más de
1 MW. Los dos relés y los medidores se ubican en polos
separados. Estos proporcionan registros oscilográficos
de eventos por 1-2 segundos en 128 puntos por ciclo.
Al realizar los ajustes adecuados en la activación se presenta una excelente visibilidad. La inversión en estos
relés multifuncionales proporciona los datos necesarios
para estudios periciales y ha probado ser valiosa. Cuando
se detectan anomalías, el grupo de PQ instala medidores
de PQ sofisticados para una investigación más detallada.

los EE. UU., Dominion Energy ha experimentado el
uso de muchas conexiones de centrales FV grandes
en su sistema de alimentadores de distribución de
34.5 kV. La prevención del modo de isla es de gran
prioridad, y las prácticas están bien establecidas.
Cuando el conjunto de FED supera un tercio de la
carga mínima en una sección de líneas, se requiere
el DTT. Este DTT usa una señal permisiva que no
puede abrirse si se pierden las comunicaciones por
cualquier motivo. Cuando el conjunto certificado de
FED de la central FV es menor a un tercio de la carga mínima, se confía en la protección integrada de
los inversores para el modo de isla involuntario. Se
permite la reconexión automática del dispositivo de
seccionamiento de la línea principal solo cuando la
apertura del reconector del POI es provocada por una
falla (identificada por la detección de tensión baja
anormal o una caída momentánea de la tensión). La
reconexión de las centrales de FED se retrasa hasta

PCC

Alimentador
1

Actualización de la detección integrada de
inversores
La detección activa integrada del modo de isla es una alternativa importante para las FED basadas en inversores. A

Alimentador
2

N.O.

B

B

27
(3)1,000/
500:1

50

78

59
51

B

67

32

50N

51N
59

27

Componentes de funcionamiento
de diseño de relé del estándar
C37.2 del ANSI:

81
25

79

27 A, B, C = 0.5 p.u. + 12 ciclos
59 A, B, C = 1.2 p.u. + 12 ciclos
81 S/S = 60.5/57 Hz + 12 ciclos
32 R = 1.05 × × Exportación + 15 min.
79 = 10 seg. 1 disparo, LL + DB

M

Empresa de
servicios públicos

PoC

Sitio de FED
CB de extracción/
Fusible quemado

?

79

59

Carga
de sitio
de FED

AAI

81

50

27

?

Límites de disparo (según ANSI)
predeterminados en FED del
estándar 1547-2018 del IEEE
27 - 2 = 0.5 p.u. + 9.6 ciclos
27 - 1 = 0.88 p.u. + 120 ciclos
59 - 2 = 1.2 p.u. + 9.6 ciclos
59 - 1 = 1.1 p.u. + 60 ciclos
81 S/S = 60.5/57 Hz + 12 ciclos
79 = 300 seg.

figura 12. Los relés del Estándar C37.2 del ANSI. Nótese que los relés de los sitios pueden integrarse en FED de inversores (Fuente: Southern Company Services). AAI: protección activa contra el modo de isla; PCC: punto de acoplamiento
común con el alimentador de la empresa de servicios públicos; PoC: punto de conexión con FED; N.O.: normalmente
abierto; M: medidor; CB: interruptor de circuito; S/S: sobre/sub; LL: línea activa; DB: nodo inactivo; B: disyuntor.
noviembre/diciembre 2020 i	

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020

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