IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 99
Para la seguridad operacional de los sistemas
de almacenamiento de energía de la batería
Como la cantidad de instalaciones BESS ha aumentado, los integradores de sistemas, las empresas de servicios públicos, los organismos gubernamentales y las organizaciones profesionales se han
esforzado mucho para desarrollar estándares de seguridad y mejores prácticas para la ingeniería y
la puesta en servicio. Sin embargo, algunos casos de seguridad recientes en el campo han llevado a
la destrucción total de los BESS y pusieron en riesgo a los servicios de emergencia. A pesar de los
esfuerzos de la industria del almacenamiento de energía para mejorar la seguridad del sistema, los
casos recientes muestran la necesidad de un mayor reconocimiento de las limitaciones de las prácticas actuales. Por ejemplo, gran parte del esfuerzo se ha centrado en mejorar la seguridad a nivel
de la celda y del paquete de batería. Además, los riesgos que se manifiestan durante la operación y
las fallas catastróficas que surgen del error del operador o de fallas en los componentes
no han recibido tanta atención como las pruebas iniciales de fábrica y puesta en
servicio de los BESS.
Este artículo aboga por el uso del mantenimiento predictivo
de los BESS operativos como el paso siguiente en la gestión
segura de los ESS. El mantenimiento predictivo implica
el monitoreo de los componentes de un sistema para
detectar cambios en los parámetros operativos, que pueden indicar una falla pendiente.
Estos cambios indican que es necesario un
mantenimiento mientras la falla aún se
puede recuperar. Muchas industrias,
incluidas las de servicios públicos,
utilizan este enfoque de mantenimiento para activos como centrales
eléctricas, turbinas eólicas, oleoductos y sistemas fotovoltaicos
(FV). No obstante, este enfoque
aún no se ha explorado y utilizado
por completo en los BESS. El monitoreo predictivo es complementario
y no debe reemplazar los diseños de
sistemas más seguros, que son esenciales para la mitigación en tiempo real de
fallas catastróficas. Sin embargo, cuando
se aplica a los BESS, el monitoreo predictivo puede iniciar acciones que potencialmente
eviten que se produzcan fallas catastróficas. Este
artículo revisa las prácticas de seguridad actuales en el
desarrollo de los BESS, proporciona ejemplos de enfoques
de mantenimiento predictivo en otras industrias, señala los componentes clave de un enfoque eficiente y describe las metodologías que
se utilizan para identificar los principales indicadores de fallas.
©SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/PETOVARGA
Recomendaciones y estándares actuales para la seguridad del
almacenamiento de energía
Entre 2011 y 2013, varias instalaciones importantes de almacenamiento de energía de la red sufrieron incendios (véase la figura 1). Como resultado, los principales expertos de la industria del almacenamiento de energía reconocieron que las tecnologías e instalaciones comenzaron a superar los
noviembre/diciembre del 2020
ieee power & energy magazine
99
http://www.SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/PETOVARGA
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 5
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 9
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 11
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 79
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover4
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