IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - 36

Las primeras herramientas no incorporaban operaciones
cronológicas de red y, en su lugar, solo
evaluaban periodos de carga máxima únicos.
principios de este año afectaron a millones de personas en
todo el estado y podían ser vistos desde el espacio (figura 1).
Una dimensión de la confiabilidad de la red es el análisis
de adecuación de los recursos. Este determina si hay
suficientes recursos disponibles para cumplir con la carga,
teniendo en cuenta la incertidumbre en la disponibilidad de
la generación, transmisión y carga. Al aplicar herramientas
estadísticas para evaluar estas incertidumbres, los planificadores
de redes pueden calcular el riesgo de déficit. Las
métricas de riesgo pueden ser utilizadas a fin de determinar
cuánta inversión requieren nuestras redes eléctricas, cuánta
nueva generación se debe construir y cuál se puede retirar.
Muchos de los métodos y métricas de adecuación de
recursos que utiliza la industria en la actualidad se originaron
en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Las primeras herramientas
no incorporaban operaciones cronológicas de la red.
En cambio, solamente evaluaban periodos de carga máxima
únicos. A menudo asumían requerimientos de carga estática
y no consideraban las limitaciones de energía de la mayoría
de los recursos.
Sin embargo, la creciente proporción de VRE y almaceAustin
Houston
San
Antonio
31
de enero de 2021, Texas, EE. UU. NOAA-20
Banda diurna/nocturna
(a)
namiento de energía, una mayor flexibilidad de carga y las
tendencias a retirar los fósiles están precipitando un cambio
en la forma en que se debe realizar el análisis de adecuación
de recursos. Si se desea modernizar el antiguo marco de análisis
de adecuación de recursos, se necesitan nuevos datos,
métodos y métricas para caracterizar mejor los crecientes
riesgos y abordar los siguientes dos factores impulsores: la
importancia de las operaciones cronológicas de la red y el
reconocimiento de los eventos correlacionados.
1) Operaciones cronológicas de la red: el análisis de
adecuación de recursos convencional a menudo solo
evalúa las horas de carga máxima individuales y no
considera el año completo de operación. Este enfoque
toma dos supuestos como válidos. Primero, presupone
que el periodo de mayor riesgo ocurre solo durante los
periodos de carga máxima. En segundo lugar, asume
que los recursos no tienen características operativas
secuenciales que puedan limitar la disponibilidad.
Los dos supuestos ya no se pueden mantener debido al
siguiente nuevo desarrollo:
* Integración de una gran cantidad de VRE: a medida
que la VRE aumenta su participación en el suministro
del sistema eléctrico, aumenta la dependencia del
clima subyacente. La evaluación de la adecuación
de recursos con esta combinación de generaciones
cambiantes requiere una atención específica a la variabilidad
de los recursos por hora, estación y año.
Austin
Houston
San
Antonio
16 de febrero de 2021, Texas, EE. UU. NOAA-20
Banda diurna/nocturna
(b)
figura 1. Apagones en serie de ERCOT vistos desde el
espacio, febrero de 2021. (Fuente: NOAA; utilizado con
permiso).
36
ieee power & energy magazine
* Implementación de las fuentes de energía limitada:
la capacidad de las fuentes de energía limitada
(ELR, por sus siglas en inglés), como los sistemas
de almacenamiento de energía y los programas de
respuesta a la demanda, está creciendo rápidamente.
Las ELR pueden cambiar la carga del periodo de
carga máxima a los periodos de carga mínima y, por
lo tanto, reducir el riesgo de confiabilidad en las horas
de carga máxima mientras que aumenta el riesgo
en otras. Comprender con precisión su contribución
a la confiabilidad requiere un modelado cronológico
y una programación del sistema.
* Surgimiento de las fuentes híbridas: las fuentes híbridas
que comprenden diferentes tipos de fuentes de
generación se están convirtiendo en unas de las más
favorecidos entre los desarrolladores de centrales
debido al alto grado de flexibilidad y los servicios de
noviembre/diciembre 2021

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover4
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