IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - 47

ofertas, innovaciones, modificaciones y mejoras completamente
independientes. Pero ¿estos atributos se pueden valorar,
optimizar y modelar de manera precisa? En este artículo
exploramos estas preguntas y, en particular, el tema práctico
de por qué un propietario u operador puede preferir ser una
fuente híbrida en vez de múltiples fuentes independientes.
Cerramos con una breve discusión sobre el hecho de que
entender las fuentes híbridas y sus contribuciones a la innovación,
y la evolución de la red y los mercados de servicios
pueden ser trampolines cruciales hacia los sistemas de energía
del futuro.
Consideraciones físicas
Las consideraciones físicas para las fuentes híbridas reflejan
las características de las tecnologías que las constituyen,
así como aquellas asociadas con sus puntos de acoplamiento
común. Los proyectos que combinan
tecnologías con distintas
características tendrán estrategias
operativas que reflejan las sinergias
que aporta las fortalezas de
cada tecnología, cuya injerencia
relativa dependerá de la combinación
que proporcione mejor valor.
En otras palabras, el tamaño relativo
de cada parte que lo constituye
se puede ajustar para maximizar
los beneficios netos, y es normal
que la suma de los tamaños de las
partes exceda la cantidad máxima
de energía que se puede inyectar
a la red en un momento determinado.
Por ende, el tamaño y uso
óptimo de las partes puede diferir
en el tiempo tanto en el diseño
óptimo inicial como en las renovaciones
futuras a fin de ajustarse
mejor a la evolución de los mercados
y los flujos de valor.
Además, las consideraciones
físicas para las fuentes híbridas
dependen del punto de acople
con la red. Si comparten la
infraestructura de transmisión,
las fuentes híbridas pueden reducir
los costos totales del proyecto
(mediante instalaciones de interconexión
conjuntas y transformadores),
aumentar la facilidad y la
velocidad con las que se integran
los sistemas, y mejorar la eficiencia
(figura 1). En muchas regiones
de mercado, la posición de la cola
de interconexión es una fuente
valiosa. Los procesos de estudio
noviembre/diciembre 2021
FV
Inversor
Red CA
Batería Controlador
de carga
CC-CC
(a)
Nodo
CC
(b)
figura 1. Ejemplos de fuentes híbridas con transmisión
compartida e infraestructura de interconexión: (a) un diseño
" acoplado a CC " , en el que las FV y el almacenamiento
comparten inversores, y (b) un diseño " acoplado a CA " ,
en el que las FV y el almacenamiento tienen inversores
independientes.
Energía reducida
de un sistema
de CC/CA alto
Límite de inyección de CA
Producción adicional
con una relación
de CC/CA alta
Producción con una
relación de CC/CA
baja
Energía reducida
recuperada con una
batería acoplada a CC
0246 810121416182022
Hora del día
figura 2. Carga del almacenamiento con la energía reducida de una fuente híbrida.
Almacenamiento de Babcock Ranch: 10 MW/4 h
Ubicación conectada a un
panel solar existente
Área de equipo de almacenamiento
figura 3. Un proyecto acoplado a CA en el que el almacenamiento y el panel solar
FV tienen sus propios inversores. La integración acoplada a CA del almacenamiento
con el panel solar es relativamente simple, ya que el equipo del almacenamiento se
puede ubicar adyacente al sub de recolección de energía solar, con mínimo impacto
en las operaciones. (Fuente: NextEra Energy; usado con permiso).
ieee power & energy magazine
47

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December - Cover4
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