Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 55
summer, it reliably produced an excellent crop of nuts.
Diversity of Mast Producers
Consequently, encouraging biologically diverse meadows and forests,
stocked with native trees, shrubs and
woody vine species produces food
for wildlife throughout the year. And
diverse food leads to diverse wildlife,
as we've discovered on our property.
Other examples of trees that are
insect-pollinated and produce a huge
number of seeds every year are red
and striped maples. Striped maple,
also called moosewood or goosefoot,
has fruit that matures in early fall and
is eaten by ruffed grouse, rodents and
songbirds. In addition, it produces
browse for deer and bark for rabbits
and beavers.
Elk eat the buds, foliate, twigs and
bark of red maple, songbirds gorge on
the seeds, and squirrels and mice store
them for winter.
Basswood is another insect-pollinated tree, producing seeds squirrels and
chipmunks consume, while deer and
rabbits browse its foliage.
The best of the soft-mass fruit is
that of wild black-cherry trees. It fruits
abundantly every third or fourth year
in August and is pollinated by solitary
bees. Seventy bird species feed on the
fruit, including grouse and wild turkeys.
SEPTEMBER 2015
The word mast comes from
the old English "maest," which
meant the forest tree nuts that
would fall and fatten domestic
pigs and other animals.
Bears, raccoons, foxes, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks and mice relish the
dark cherries.
The fruit of sassafras trees, which
is high in fat, is eaten by turkeys, bobwhite quail, bears, pileated woodpeckers and gray catbirds. Rabbits and deer
browse its twigs, bears like its stems
and deer its leaves. Despite its popularity, we have many sassafras trees in
our forest.
Common witch-hazel, which flowers
in late fall, develops woody capsules
the following spring and summer.
Those capsules contain a pair of shiny,
black hard-coated seeds that shoot out
in autumn before the next flowering.
Squirrels, turkeys, quail and grouse go
after them, especially if the acorn crop
fails. Deer browse heavily on witchhazel, but it persists in growing above
the browse line here.
Common spicebush (my personal
favorite) produces brilliant spicy red
fruits eaten by grouse, pheasants and
quail. It also provides shoots for rab-
55
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015
Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - Intro
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 43
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 44
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 45
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 46
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 47
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 48
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 49
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 50
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 51
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 52
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 53
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 54
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 55
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 56
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 57
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 58
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 59
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 61
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - BB1
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - BB2
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2015 - Cover4
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