Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - 49

laying on the ground and reaching up
to my shoulder came up with a fistful
of long tail feathers attached to one
very dead ringneck.
The woodchuck's excavation
skills are legendary. A
single burrow configuration
may require the removal of
400 pounds of earth and in
some instances, depending on
complexity, a half-ton or more.
The woodchuck is a skilled subterranean
architect. The burrow,
also known as a sette, has various
multi-purpose chambers. The main
entrance is easily identified by a large
crescent of excavated dirt just outside.
Woodchucks can often be spotted sitting
atop this lookout for a better view. Some
woodchucks build two dens - one for
winter, which often will be located in
nearby woods, and another for warmer
months, closer to food sources. Burrows
are excavated in well-drained sites, averaging
around 5 feet deep, and 8 to more
than 60 feet in length.
Burrows feature special chambers, as
well as several auxiliary entrances and
plunge holes that are not as prominent as
the main entry, as they are excavated from
inside. One chamber is used as a toilet
that, when full, is sealed off. Along the
main 8-inch shaft, there may be a wider
bulge or two used as a turnaround. The
sleeping chamber where the groundhog
rests is filled with leaves and dried grasses.
Dens used by females feature a nursery
chamber. Winter dens are less complex
as they're mainly used for hibernating,
with the sleeping chamber located below
the frost line.
A complex of burrows and tunnels provides
aeration and irrigation. It has been
found that more than 20 different animals
may reuse abandoned dens, including
JULY 2022
skunks, chipmunks, rabbits, raccoons, and
opossums. Red foxes and coyotes enlarge
dens in which to raise young. Burrows
may present a hazard to livestock and
collapsing tunnels can break an axle on
farm equipment.
T
HE FIELD GENERAL STANDS
in the long, blue shadow of a late
September afternoon. With hibernation
just around the corner, his metabolism,
like that of a black bear, enters a state of
hyperphagia, which is a dramatic increase
in caloric intake that increases fat reserves.
A woodchuck may consume one-third of
its weight each day. They eat a wide variety
of natural greens, as well as clover and
alfalfa. They also dine on apples, walnuts,
acorns, paw-paws, berries and incidental
large insects.
The Field General now weighs 14
pounds and is in the prime of life. If fortunate,
he may live two more years. With the
first hard frosts of October,
he waddles to his burrow
with one final mouthful
of dried grasses
for his hibernation
chamber. Curling
up into a
ball, he settles
in. Breathing
and heart rate
are reduced
greatly, in
49

Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022

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Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - 3
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Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2022 - Cover4
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