Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 61

It's not just about food. Sure, whitetails
- like all wildlife - require access to good
and plentiful nourishment.
But that's only one part of the picture.
Even deer with full stomachs need
cover, water and space in which to
perform their life functions, like raising
young. They need all those things in
proximity to one another, too.
In short, they need edges, or places
where different habitat types come
together along seemingly irregular lines.
A hungry doe in summer, for example,
will eagerly feast on native wildflowers
and forbs like white wood aster, wild
sarsaparilla, trilliums, lady slippers and
Solomon's seal. But that buffet better be
close to thick security cover - perhaps a
field of goldenrod or a downed treetop in
the woods - if she's got a fawn or two to
hide. It helps, too, if there are also large
trees shading a nearby stream on hot days.
We at the Game Commission get it.
That's why we're using our Comprehensive
Management Plans for state game
lands as roadmaps to help intersperse
habitat types - connecting food with
water with security cover with shelter
cover - like never before.
That's evident in fields on game lands,
for starters. Twenty or 30 years ago, our
grasslands were all but manicured. We
regularly mowed them, cultivating clovers
or legumes or allowing farmers to
put in row upon row of neat, tidy crops.
That food-plot-type strategy offered
deer little or nothing outside of short
growing seasons, though. There's scant
AUGUST 2022
value in mud for whitetails.
Now, we emphasize " old field succession, "
allowing fields to grow up in native
vegetation. The resulting " weeds " like
goldenrod, strawberry and pokeberry not
only offer deer phenomenal amounts of
crude protein, but shelter, as well.
We monitor those openings and periodically
- every five years or so - hit the
" reset " button by using prescribed fire to
burn off any emerging woody vegetation
and keep our fields as fields.
Likewise, we're changing the makeup
of our woodlands to better meet the needs
of deer and other wildlife.
One big way we're doing that is by
increasing the percentage of woods in
what's known as " early successional "
stage. Think of it as young forest, made
up of trees up to 15 years old.
Such forest offers more food per acre,
and thus supports more deer per acre, than
older forest. It also offers ideal cover -
defined as vegetation capable of hiding
90% of a deer from observation within
200 feet - from predators.
But it's in short supply. Young forest
accounts for only about 7% to 8% of
game lands forests currently.
We're working to address that. We
were managing 5,000 to 6,000 acres of
forest habitats per year 15 years ago.
We're doing 20,000 now.
BY DAVE GUSTAFSON
Game Commission Habitat Management Director
61

Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022

Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - 7
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Pennsylvania Game News - August 2022 - Cover3
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