Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 59

forests and scrublands takes a disproportionate
toll on the yellow
warbler's world population, as it
does other songbirds. And this
bird spends a lot of time
on its wintering grounds.
It's one of our earliest
songbirds to start autumn
migration, with most pairs
heading south by mid-July.
Here in Pennsylvania,
the yellow warbler is common
everywhere in suitable habitat
but is most abundant along our
western border and in the northeast,
especially Bradford, Susquehanna and
Wayne counties. Not a bigwoods species,
it's rare only on the extensively
forested northcentral plateau and the
Allegheny National Forest.
The International Union for Conservation
of Nature (IUCN) rates the
yellow warbler's conservation status
as " least concern, " because of its wide
range and relative tolerance for humanaltered
places. But mating pairs do
face one persistent risk every June that
originates within the natural world.
The nests of yellow warblers are not
especially difficult to find if you know
where and how to look, and brownheaded
cowbirds do. The nest is a neat
cup of spiraled grass stems, tendrils or
shreds of bark tucked into a low fork in
a tree or shrub. Nests I've found were
in box elders or willows.
Because of its compound leaves, we
sometimes forget that box elder is part
of the maple genus, and like all maples
its branches are arranged opposite one
another, so those opposing branches
form a secure foundation for a nest.
Sometimes, if the light is right (or
wrong?) the nest reflects a dull sheen
from downy fibers, perhaps old milkJUNE
2024
weed tufts, or bits of spider web, woven
amid other materials.
If I find an occasional nest, it would
be easy for a cowbird to find many,
and studies show that yellow warblers
endure high rates of cowbird nest parasitism.
The yellow warbler's relatively
open habitats, conspicuous singing and
its early seasonal breeding may explain
its high vulnerability to cowbird intrusion.
Perhaps not coincidentally, the
cowbird's range mirrors that of the
yellow warbler, except that cowbirds
prefer even more open landscapes.
A female cowbird spies the mating
pair she intends as hosts, locates their
nest, then, generally, lays one egg in
the nest with, or before, the eggs of the
breeding warblers. The hosts then care
for the interloper at the expense of their
own brood. One study found almost
20 percent of all yellow warbler nests
contained cowbird eggs. One female
cowbird can parasitize many nests,
laying a single egg in each.
Yellow warblers cope with the cowbird
ploy by preventing or responding
59

Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024

Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 8
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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 21
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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 31
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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 35
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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2024 - Cover4
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