Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - ii

ii

PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTION AND TREATMENT FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY

Contents
iii
v
vi
vii
ix
xi
1

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Panel Members - Original Pressure Ulcer CPG
Reviewers
Summary of Recommendations
The Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine

1

GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

1

METHODOLOGY

4
5
11
11
11
12
13
14
14
15
15

Methods (Second Edition)
Introduction
Recommendations
RISK AND RISK ASSESSMENT
DEMOGRAPHIC RISK FACTORS
SCI-RELATED RISK FACTORS
COMORBID MEDICAL RISK FACTORS
NUTRITION
PSYCHOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE, CONTEXTUAL, AND SOCIAL
FACTORS: SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ADHERENCE/COMPLIANCE
SUPPORT SURFACES FOR BED AND WHEELCHAIR
RISK-ASSESSMENT TOOLS

17
17
17
19
20
21
23
23
28

PREVENTION STRATEGIES ACROSS THE CONTINUUM OF CARE
PRESSURE REDISTRIBUTION
VISUAL AND TACTILE SKIN INSPECTIONS
TURNING AND REPOSITIONING
EFFECTIVE SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUALIZED PRESSURE REDISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
EXERCISE
NUTRITION
EDUCATION-HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, PERSONS WITH SCI,
FAMILY, CAREGIVERS

29
29
30

ASSESSMENT AND REASSMENT FOLLOWING PRESSURE ULCER ONSET
ASSESSMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL WITH A PRESSURE ULCER
ASSESSMENT AND REASSESSMENT OF THE PRESSURE ULCER

34
34
34
35
37
43
44

TREATMENT - NONSURGICAL
CREATING A PHYSIOLOGIC WOUND ENVIRONMENT
Cleanse
Debridement
Selection of Wound Care Dressing
Electrical Stimulation
Adjunctive Therapies and Biologics

45

MODIFICATION OF TREATMENT PLAN

46
46
48
52

TREATMENT - SURGICAL
REFERRAL FOR PRESSURE ULCER SURGERY
PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT
POSTOPERATIVE CARE

54

COMPLICATIONS OF PRESSURE ULCER SURGERY

55
55
57
58
62
65
66

PRESSURE REDISTRIBUTION AND SUPPORT SURFACES
BED POSITIONING
BED SUPPORT SURFACES
WHEELCHAIR SEATING AND POSITIONING
WHEELCHAIR SUPPORT SURFACES
SUPPORT SURFACES FOR BATHING AND TOILETING
OTHER SUPPORT SURFACES

67
68
82
83

Future Research
References
Glossary
Index



Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury

Contents
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - Cover1
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - Cover2
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - i
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - Contents
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - iii
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - iv
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - v
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - vi
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - vii
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - viii
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - ix
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - x
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - xi
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - xii
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - xiii
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury - xiv
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