Preservation of Upper Limb Function Following Spinal Cord Injury - 3

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE

The Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine

eventeen organizations, including the Paralyzed Veterans of America (PVA), joined in a consortium in June 1995 to develop clinical practice guidelines in spinal cord medicine. A steering committee governs consortium operation, leading the guideline development process, identifying topics, and selecting panels of experts for each topic. The steering committee is composed of one representative with clinical practice guideline experience from each consortium member organization. PVA provides financial resources, administrative support, and programmatic coordination of consortium activities. After studying the processes used to develop other guidelines, the consortium steering committee unanimously agreed on a new, modified clinical/epidemiologic evidence-based model derived from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ). The model is: Interdisciplinary, to reflect the varied perspectives of the spinal cord medicine practice community. Responsive, with a timeline of 12 months for completion of each set of guidelines. Reality-based, to make the best use of the time and energy of the busy clinicians who serve as panel members and field expert reviewers. The consortium’s approach to the development of evidence-based guidelines is both innovative and cost-efficient. The process recognizes the specialized needs of the national spinal cord medicine community, encourages the participation of both payer representatives and consumers with spinal cord injury, and emphasizes the use of graded evidence available in the international scientific literature. The Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine is unique to the clinical practice guidelines field in that it employs highly effective management strategies based on the availability of resources in the health-care community; it is coordinated by a recognized national consumer organization with a reputation for providing effective service and advocacy for people with spinal cord injury and disease; and it includes third-party and reinsurance payer organizations at every level of the development and dissemination processes. The consortium expects to initiate work on two or more

topics per year, with evaluation and revision of previously completed guidelines as new research demands.

Guideline Development Process
The guideline development process adopted by the Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine consists of 12 steps, leading to panel consensus and organizational endorsement. After the steering committee chooses a topic, a panel of experts is selected. Panel members must have demonstrated leadership in the topic area through independent scientific investigation and publication. Following a detailed explication and specification of the topic by select steering committee and panel members, consultant methodologists review the international literature, prepare evidence tables that grade and rank the quality of research, and conduct statistical meta-analyses and other specialized studies, as needed. The panel chair then assigns specific sections of the topic to the panel members based on their area of expertise. Writing begins on each component using the references and other materials furnished by the methodology support group. After panel members complete their sections, a draft document is generated during the first full meeting of the panel. The panel incorporates new literature citations and other evidence-based information not previously available. At this point, charts, graphs, algorithms, and other visual aids, as well as a complete bibliography, are added, and the full document is sent to legal counsel for review. After legal analysis to consider antitrust, restraint-of-trade, and health policy matters, the draft document is reviewed by clinical experts from each of the consortium organizations plus other select clinical experts and consumers. The review comments are assembled, analyzed, and entered into a database, and the document is revised to reflect the reviewers’ comments. Following a second legal review, the draft document is distributed to all consortium organization governing boards. Final technical details are negotiated among the panel chair, members of the organizations’ boards, and expert panelists. If substantive changes are required, the draft receives a final legal review. The document is then ready for editing, formatting, and preparation for publication.

Preservation of Upper Limb Function Following Spinal Cord Injury

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