Foot & Ankle International - July 2018 - 816

816

Foot & Ankle International 39(7)

Table 3. Clinical and Dynamic Results of Patients With Equinus Foot Deformity.
Parameter (SD)
Clinical examination
Ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended, degreesa
Ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed, degreesa
Ankle plantar flexion with knee extended, degreesa
Ankle dorsiflexion power (MRC Scale)
Ankle plantar flexion power (MRC Scale)
Tonus triceps surae with knee extended (modified Ashworth Scale)
Gait indices
Gillette Gait Index (GGI)
GGI left
GGI right
Gait Profile Score (GPS)
GPS left
GPS right
GPS total
Ankle kinematic data
Dorsiflexionb at initial contact
Maximum dorsiflexion in stance
Minimum dorsiflexion in stance
Mean dorsiflexion in stance
Range of motion in stancec
Maximum dorsiflexion in swing
Mean dorsiflexion in swing
Range of motion in swingc
Ankle kinetic data
Ankle moment, Nm/kg
Mean flexion moment by 30% to 40% of the gait cycle
Maximum flexion moment in stance
Time of maximum moment in stance, % gait cycle
Maximum moment in loading response
Ankle power, W/kg
Maximum in stance
Time of peak power in stance, % gait cycle
Minimum in stance
Time of peak absorption in stance, %
Minimum in loading response
Time distance parameters
Stride length, m
Walking speed, m/s
Cadence, steps/min
Time of toe-off, % of gait cycle

Preoperative

Postoperative

Statistical Significance

1.5 (5.6)
4.9 (5.2)
41.3 (7.5)
3.7 (0.8)
3.5 (0.7)
1.7 (0.8)

2.2 (3.8)
6.6 (5.7)
41.8 (6.8)
3.8 (0.8)
3.2 (0.8)
1.2 (0.7)

.5
.6
.7
.54
.04*
.0001*

288.4 (191.1)
273.8 (273.8)

194.8 (150.5)
193.4 (193.4)

.009*
.001*

15.3 (5.1)
14.3 (4.5)
15.9 (4.6)

10.9 (3.2 )
11.1 (3.0)
11.4 (3.1 )

<.0001*
<.0001*
<.0001*

−6.8 (9.6)
8.4 (10.6)
−15.6 (14.3)
1.3 (11.0)
24.0 (8.5)
−3.2 (10.1)
−7.9 (11.0)
13.4 (7.5)

−2.3 (5.3)
14.8 (6.1)
−6.4 (7.0)
7.0 (4.4)
21.3 (6.1)
3.4 (6.1)
−0.2 (6.1)
9.9 (4.6)

.0001*
.0001*
.0001*
.0001*
.03*
.0001*
.0001*
.002*

0.93 (0.2)
1.3 (0.3)
32.2 (15.4)
0.9 (0.4)

0.91 (0.2)
1.2 (0.2)
43.2 (9.5)
0.6 (0.3)

.5
.04*
.0001*
.0001*

1.4 (0.6)
51.5 (9.4)
−1.3 (0.8)
15.9 (15.4)
−1.2 (0.9)

1.5 (0.6)
55.9 (3.4)
−0.9 (0.3)
28.6 (16.7)
−0.6 (0.4)

.48
.001*
.0001*
.0001*
.001*

0.52 (0.8)
0.95 (0.2)
109.4 (11.9)
63.4 (3.0)

0.49 (0.9)
0.9 (0.2)
107.2 (14.8)
64.4 (4.0)

.035*
.05*
.26
.025*

a
No significant difference for ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended (degrees), ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (degrees), and ankle plantar flexion
with knee extended (degrees) within the Baumann and Strayer group.
b
Sagittal-plane ankle displacement at different phases of the gait cycle and includes dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Positive values refer to dorsiflexion,
and negative values refer to plantarflexion.
c
No significant difference for range of motion in stance (and swing) within the Baumann and Strayer group.
*Significant difference.

significant decrease compared with preoperative values.
Ankle flexion at initial contact increased significantly from
−6.8 degrees to −2.3 degrees (negative values mean plantarflexion) at 1.6 years postoperation. Maximum, mean, and

minimum dorsiflexion in stance also showed a significant
increase compared with baseline parameters. In the swing
phase, the maximum dorsiflexion after surgery improved
from −3.2 degrees to 3.4 degrees with a difference of 6.6
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Foot & Ankle International - July 2018
