Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1023

1023

Lee et al	
observed that the sports subscale of the FAAM score was
significantly improved, their postoperative level of sports
activity was significantly lower than their previous level
before the surgery. Among the 8 questions in the sports subscale of the FAAM score (online Appendix A), we think that
the question of "Ability to participate in your desired sport
as long as you like" is most consistent with the level of
sports activity. At the final follow-up, 10 of 16 patients continued to report "extreme difficulty" or "Unable to do" as
the answer for this question. Based on this result, the phenomenon of the decline in the level of sports activity despite
the improvement in the sports subscale of the FAAM score
can be explained.
Although there have been scant data regarding osteochondral lesion of the tibial plafond because of its rarity,
Elias et al10,11 investigated the frequency of osteochondral
lesions of the tibial plafond by location. They included a
total of 38 patients in the study and it was the largest report
of osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond. In their study,
the most common location of osteochondral lesions of the
tibial plafond was the centromedial zone. Ross et al28 also
reported the centromedial zone as the most frequent location of the tibial osteochondral lesions. On the other hand,
the most common locations of osteochondral lesions of the
tibial plafond was the anterior zone (zone 1, 2, and 3) in the
present study. Similarly, Cuttica et al8 found that the most
common locations were the anterolateral and anterocentral
zones. The frequency of location of these rare lesions
seems to be variable. Further studies with a large sample
size are necessary to get a better understanding of this rare
lesion.

follow-up period could have prevented us from observing
whether additional complications occurred over time.

Limitation

	1.	Alexander AH, Lichtman DM. Surgical treatment of transchondral talar-dome fractures (osteochondritis dissecans).
Long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(4):646652.
	
2.	
Athanasiou KA, Niederauer GG, Schenck RC, Jr.
Biomechanical topography of human ankle cartilage. Ann
Biomed Eng. 1995;23(5):697-704.
	3.	Baltzer AW, Arnold JP. Bone-cartilage transplantation
from the ipsilateral knee for chondral lesions of the talus.
Arthroscopy. 2005;21(2):159-166.
	 4.	 Bui-Mansfield LT, Kline M, Chew FS, Rogers LF, Lenchik
L. Osteochondritis dissecans of the tibial plafond: imaging
characteristics and a review of the literature. AJR Am J
Roentgenol. 2000;175(5):1305-1308.
	5.	Chapman CB, Mann JA. Distal tibial osteochondral lesion
treated with osteochondral allografting: a case report. Foot
Ankle Int. 2005;26(11):997-1000.
	 6.	 Choi JI, Lee KB. Comparison of clinical outcomes between
arthroscopic subchondral drilling and microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol
Arthrosc. 2016;24(7):2140-2147.
	7.	Clement ND, MacDonald D, Simpson AH. The minimal
clinically important difference in the Oxford Knee Score and

Our study has several limitations. First, this was a retrospective study and did not have a control group. Second, the
sample size was small, which may have resulted in a type II
error caused by low statistical power. However, it reflects
the low incidence of this rare lesion. With a larger sample
size, our conclusions might be more convincing. Further
long-term and prospective randomized studies with larger
samples would be helpful to estimate clinical outcomes of
this rare lesion and establish optimal treatment guideline.
Third, there were many concomitant procedures performed
in addition to the arthroscopic microfracture. If we included
only isolated osteochondral lesion of the tibial plafond, the
study would have strengthened our findings. However, as
many patients with an osteochondral lesion have additional
extra-articular pathology, we do not believe that the performance of additional procedures affected the results. Fourth,
we gathered the preoperative clinical scores after the surgery. As the information was based on the patients' memory,
it might cause a recall bias. Lastly, the relatively short

Conclusion
Arthroscopic microfracture provided satisfactory clinical
outcomes for osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond.
Though all the patients in this study were able to return to
sports activity after the surgery, the postoperative level of
sports activity was significantly lower than their preoperative level.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with
respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. ICMJE forms for all authors are available online.

Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research,
authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Supplemental Material
Supplementary material is available online with this article.

ORCID iDs
Wonyong Lee, MD,
Sterling Tran, BS,

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-1283
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-8672

References


https://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-1283 https://www.orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-8672

Foot & Ankle International - September 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Foot & Ankle International - September 2019

Verso
TOC 1
TOC 2
Ed Board
Total Ankle Arthroplasty Survival and Risk Factors for Failure
Preoperative Anxiety Effect on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Foot and Ankle Surgery
Lateral Transfer of the Flexor Digitorum Longus for Peroneal Tendinopathy
Clinical Outcomes of Osteochondral Lesions of the Tibial Plafond Following Arthroscopic Microfracture
Patients At Risk for Exceeding CJR Cost Targets After Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Value of Preoperative Imaging and Intraoperative Histopathology in Morton Neuroma
Radiographic Outcomes of Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Arthroplasty for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
New Persistent Opioid Use and Associated Risk Factors Following Treatment of Ankle Fractures
Learning Curve for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fracture by Extensile Lateral Approach Using the Cumulative Summation Control Chart
Short-Term Radiographic Outcomes of Calcaneus Fractures Treated With 2-Incision, Minimally Invasive Approach
Recombinant Human Platelet–Derived Growth Factor BB in Combination With a Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP)-Collagen Matrix as an Alternative to Autograft
Radiographic Assessment of Foot Alignment in Juvenile Hallux Valgus and Its Relationship to Flatfoot
Evaluation of Syndesmosis Reduction on CT Scan
Effect of Subtalar Fusion and Calcaneal Osteotomy on Function, Pain, and Gait Mechanics for Calcaneal Malunion
Dynamic First Tarsometatarsal Instability During Gait Evaluated by Pedobarographic Examination in Patients With Hallux Valgus
Pain Management and the Opioid Crisis 2019
Education Calendar
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Intro
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Cover1
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Cover2
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - i
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Verso
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - iii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - TOC 1
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - v
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - TOC 2
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - vii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - viii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1A
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1B
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - ix
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Ed Board
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xi
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 2A
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 2B
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xiii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xiv
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xv
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xvi
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xvii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xviii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xix
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xx
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xxi
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xxii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xxiii
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - xxiv
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Total Ankle Arthroplasty Survival and Risk Factors for Failure
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 998
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 999
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1000
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1001
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1002
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1003
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1004
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1005
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1006
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Preoperative Anxiety Effect on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Foot and Ankle Surgery
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1008
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1009
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1010
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1011
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Lateral Transfer of the Flexor Digitorum Longus for Peroneal Tendinopathy
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1013
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1014
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1015
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1016
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1017
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Clinical Outcomes of Osteochondral Lesions of the Tibial Plafond Following Arthroscopic Microfracture
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1019
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1020
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1021
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1022
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1023
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1024
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Patients At Risk for Exceeding CJR Cost Targets After Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1026
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1027
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1028
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1029
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1030
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1031
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Value of Preoperative Imaging and Intraoperative Histopathology in Morton Neuroma
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1033
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1034
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1035
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1036
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Radiographic Outcomes of Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Arthroplasty for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1038
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1039
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1040
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1041
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1042
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - New Persistent Opioid Use and Associated Risk Factors Following Treatment of Ankle Fractures
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1044
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1045
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1046
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1047
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1048
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1049
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1050
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1051
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Learning Curve for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fracture by Extensile Lateral Approach Using the Cumulative Summation Control Chart
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1053
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1054
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1055
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1056
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1057
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1058
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1059
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Short-Term Radiographic Outcomes of Calcaneus Fractures Treated With 2-Incision, Minimally Invasive Approach
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1061
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1062
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1063
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1064
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1065
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1066
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1067
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Recombinant Human Platelet–Derived Growth Factor BB in Combination With a Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP)-Collagen Matrix as an Alternative to Autograft
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1069
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1070
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1071
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1072
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1073
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1074
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1075
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1076
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1077
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1078
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Radiographic Assessment of Foot Alignment in Juvenile Hallux Valgus and Its Relationship to Flatfoot
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1080
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1081
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1082
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1083
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1084
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1085
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1086
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Evaluation of Syndesmosis Reduction on CT Scan
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1088
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1089
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1090
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1091
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1092
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1093
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Effect of Subtalar Fusion and Calcaneal Osteotomy on Function, Pain, and Gait Mechanics for Calcaneal Malunion
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1095
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1096
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1097
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1098
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1099
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1100
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1101
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1102
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1103
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Dynamic First Tarsometatarsal Instability During Gait Evaluated by Pedobarographic Examination in Patients With Hallux Valgus
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1105
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1106
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1107
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1108
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1109
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Pain Management and the Opioid Crisis 2019
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Education Calendar
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 1112
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 3A
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - 3B
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Cover3
Foot & Ankle International - September 2019 - Cover4
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