Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 748

748

Hospital Pharmacy 52(11)

Table 2. (continued)
Characteristics

Not burned out (n = 378)

Burned out (n = 596)

P

107 (28.3)
84 (22.2)
47 (12.4)
93 (24.6)
67 (17.7)
47 (12.4)
92 (24.3)
61 (16.1)
42 (11.1)
120 (31.7)
57 (15.1)
86 (22.8)
80 (21.2)
98 (25.9)
278 (73.5)
200 (52.9)
314 (83.1)
2 (0.6)

336 (56.4)
202 (33.9)
153 (25.7)
231 (38.8)
265 (44.5)
188 (31.5)
226 (37.9)
222 (37.2)
152 (25.5)
382 (64.1)
196 (32.9)
304 (51.0)
290 (48.7)
274 (46.0)
204 (34.2)
157 (26.3)
432 (72.5)
10 (2.2)

<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
.07

Inadequate teaching time
Too many students
Too many residents
Low salary
Hostile work environment
Uncertainty of health care reform
Inadequate office space
Too little vacation
Medication errors
Too many nonclinical duties
Difficult nonpharmacist colleagues
Difficult pharmacist colleagues
Contributions underappreciated
Too much focus on cost
Positive work/life balance
Time for professional growth
Intellectually challenged at work
Spouse not understanding of job demands

a
Responses for generalist, nutrition support, informatics, pain/palliative medicine, geriatrics, medication/safety, drug information, surgery, and other were
combined due to small number within each category.

Table 3. Multivariable Logistic Regression of Burnout.
Variable
Age
Inadequate administrative time
Inadequate teaching time
Uncertainty of health care reform
Difficult pharmacist colleagues
Contributions underappreciated
Too many nonclinical duties

Odds
ratio

95% confidence
interval

0.96
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3

0.95-0.98
1.4-2.6
1.3-2.5
1.4-3.1
1.5-2.9
1.6-3.1
1.7-3.2

Note. All other intangible perception variables with P < .2 from univariate
analysis did not predict outcome.
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit = 0.1; area under the receiver
operator characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) = 0.79
(0.76-0.82).

perceived utilization of skills, staffing, and education level.
Practice setting, job title, and age were significantly related
to perceived utilization of skills.35 A study of graduates from
a specific pharmacy program found that those graduates
working primarily in community chain store settings reported
greater levels of burnout than those working in the hospital
setting. Furthermore, they found that respondents who performed primarily nondistributive duties experienced lower
levels of burnout than those involved primarily in drug distribution.36 Among US pharmacy practice faculty, 41.3% of
participants reported high emotional exhaustion scores.24
This study demonstrates a large change in burnout from an
earlier study of pharmacy faculty that found a burnout rate

near 16%.37 It is worth noting that this study utilized the MBI
designed for educational professionals and not health care,
which employs different threshold values for burnout.24
While assessment of burnout among US pharmacists has
been limited, there have been several studies of burnout in
other countries. A survey of 50 Iranian clinical pharmacists
found that job stress and burnout were strongly correlated,
although they did not report an actual burnout rate.38
Australian hospital pharmacists had high levels of burnout
based on emotional exhaustion (39%) and personal accomplishment (49%), while the majority of pharmacists felt low
levels of burnout based on depersonalization (60%).39 A
study of community pharmacists from India reported a burnout rate of 44%, and another of community pharmacists in
Turkey found low levels of all 3 MBI domains.40,41 In Japan,
a recent study of hospital pharmacists found a burnout rate of
49.2%, although it utilized different methodology to define
burnout.42 Finally, a recent French study found a burnout rate
of 56.2% of the approximately 1300 community pharmacists
surveyed.43 Our study adds to the evidence regarding factors
associated with burnout among pharmacists and has several
key notable differences. First, we attempted to survey a
group of pharmacists who practice primarily in the inpatient
hospital setting and to quantify factors that may contribute to
burnout in this population. Second, we used a survey design
similar to that of many major physicians groups that has been
widely validated in recent literature. We formulated our survey similar to that of physicians given the lack of burnout
studies among other members of the health care team. Given
the high burnout rate in our study, further research is needed



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017

Knowing What Is Coming: The Importance of Monitoring the Pharmaceutical Pipeline
In Reply to “Postoperative Pain Management With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Knee and Hip Arthroplasty at a Community Hospital”
Letter to the Editor on “Enzyme Replacement or Substrate Reduction? A Review of Gaucher Disease Treatment Options”
Response to Letter to the Editor on “Enzyme Replacement or Substrate Reduction? A Review of Gaucher Disease Treatment Options”
Commentary: Exploring Novel Approaches to Staff Rewards and Recognition
Edaravone
Pharmaceutical Pipeline Update
BACE Inhibitors and Tau Protein Targeting Drugs in Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease
Direct and Indirect Remuneration Fees: The Controversy Continues
Factors Associated With Burnout Among US Hospital Clinical Pharmacy Practitioners: Results of a Nationwide Pilot Survey
In Vitro Evaluation of Eslicarbazepine Delivery via Enteral Feeding Tubes
Evaluation of Insulin Use and Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Production Standard and Stability of Compounded del Nido Cardioplegia Solution
Lumbar Spine Surgeries and Medication Usage During Hospital Stay: One-Center Perspective
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 713
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 714
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 715
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 716
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 717
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 718
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 719
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 720
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Knowing What Is Coming: The Importance of Monitoring the Pharmaceutical Pipeline
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 722
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - In Reply to “Postoperative Pain Management With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Knee and Hip Arthroplasty at a Community Hospital”
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 724
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Letter to the Editor on “Enzyme Replacement or Substrate Reduction? A Review of Gaucher Disease Treatment Options”
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 726
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Response to Letter to the Editor on “Enzyme Replacement or Substrate Reduction? A Review of Gaucher Disease Treatment Options”
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 728
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Commentary: Exploring Novel Approaches to Staff Rewards and Recognition
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 730
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 731
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Edaravone
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 733
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 734
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 735
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 736
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - BACE Inhibitors and Tau Protein Targeting Drugs in Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 738
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 739
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Direct and Indirect Remuneration Fees: The Controversy Continues
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 741
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Factors Associated With Burnout Among US Hospital Clinical Pharmacy Practitioners: Results of a Nationwide Pilot Survey
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 743
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 744
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 745
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 746
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 747
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 748
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 749
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 750
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 751
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - In Vitro Evaluation of Eslicarbazepine Delivery via Enteral Feeding Tubes
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 753
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 754
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 755
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 756
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 757
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 758
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 759
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 760
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Evaluation of Insulin Use and Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 762
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 763
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 764
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 765
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Production Standard and Stability of Compounded del Nido Cardioplegia Solution
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 767
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 768
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 769
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 770
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 771
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 772
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 773
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - Lumbar Spine Surgeries and Medication Usage During Hospital Stay: One-Center Perspective
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 775
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 776
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 777
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 778
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 779
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 780
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 781
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 782
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 783
Hospital Pharmacy - December 2017 - 784
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