SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 25

tween the core and the cladding produces the total
internal reflection condition on which fiber optics
is based8.
During the fiber manufacturing process, minute inhomogeneities are inherently introduced
along the length of the fiber. These slight variations
in refractive index create a random back-reflection
fingerprint when the fiber is interrogated using a
swept-wavelength laser, through a process known
as Rayleigh backscattering. This back-reflection
fingerprint is unique to each section of optical fiber and remarkably stable. External stimuli such
as strain or temperature causes a distortion in this
backscattering pattern of the fiber in a manner proportional to the stimulus being applied.
Luna's Optical Distributed Sensor Interrogator
(ODiSI) system takes advantage of the backscatter
phenomenon to measure strain and temperature.
The process, shown below in Figure 2, begins by
detecting the Rayleigh backscatter amplitude profile along the length of the entire sensor (Figure 2a).
Next, this backscatter signature is divided into segments called gages. Using an inverse Fourier transform, the data inside this gage-length is converted
to the spectral domain as shown in Figure 2b. By
running a cross-correlation between the measurement data and a baseline taken at a state of known
temperature or strain, a frequency shift in the spectral content of the gage can be observed as shown
in Figure 2c. This frequency shift corresponds to
the distortion of the backscatter signature of the
fiber and can be related to either strain or temperature by a set of coefficients9.

Figure 2. Frequency shift calculation process using Rayleigh backscatter.
(a) Backscatter signal amplitude along the length of the sensor. (b) Spectral content of a single gage along the sensor. (c) Cross-correlation giving
frequency shift relative to a baseline reference within the gage.

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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020

Table of Contents
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - Table of Contents
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 2
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 3
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 4
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 5
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 6
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 7
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 8
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 9
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 10
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 11
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 12
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 13
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 14
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 15
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 16
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 17
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 18
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 19
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 20
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 21
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 22
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 23
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 24
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 25
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 26
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 27
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 28
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 29
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 30
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 31
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 32
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 33
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 34
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 35
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 36
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 37
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 38
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 39
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 40
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 41
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 42
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 43
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 44
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 45
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 46
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 47
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 48
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 49
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 50
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 51
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 52
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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 54
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 55
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 56
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 57
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 58
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 59
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 60
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 61
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 62
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 63
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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 65
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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 67
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 68
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - Cover3
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - Cover4
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