SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020 - 31

health monitoring. This technology addresses the
pressing need of the rotorcraft industry and other
markets as these manufactures strive to make their
parts safer, cheaper, and more intelligent.

Figure 14. Arrows mapping magnitude and orientation of distributed principal strains across part.

REFERENCES
1. I. M. Daniel, "Failure of Composite Materials under
Multi-axial Static and Dynamic Loading," International
Symposium on Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Materials, tech., 2014.
2. Zhu, Y-K., Tian, G-Y., Lu, R-S., and Zhang, H. "A review of
optical NDT technologies." Sensors 11 (2011): 7773-7798
3. Shull, P. J. Nondestructive Evaluation: Theory, Techniques, and Applications. CRC Press; 1st edition, 2002
4. Kominsky, D., Abdul Rahim, N. A., Davis, M. A., Garg,
N., Castellucci, M. A., Beaty, N. B. "Damage Detection and
Localization in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites using High Definition Fiber Optic Sensors (HDFOS)." Proceedings of SAMPE 2017. Seattle, WA. May
22-25, 2017
5. Kominsky, D., Abdul Rahim, N. A., Davis, M. A., Garg, N.,
Castellucci, M. A., Bryson, R. L., Beaty, N. B. "Extracting
Information From Damaged Carbon Fiber Composites
Using High Definition Fiber Optic Sensing (HD-FOS)."
Proceedings of CAMX 2017. Orlando, FL. Dec 12-14, 2017
6. "Strain Transformation and Rosette Gage Theory."
[Online].

Available:

http://users.tamuk.edu/kfldp00/

MEIE_Peel_website/Courses/Meen5330/strain-gage-rosette-theory_GA_Tech.pdf.
7. R. C. Hibbeler, Mechanics of Materials, 9th ed. Pearson
Prentice Hall.
8. Froggatt, M. and Moore, J."High resolution strain measurement in optical fiber with Rayleigh scatter." Appl.

Figure 15. Strain profile along fiber sensors embedded inside a composite
panel, after impact damage. (a) Strain along 3 embedded fiber sensors,
displayed as a color map on a drawing of the panel after impact. (b) Strain
along the top embedded fiber sensor, plotted as both strain change as well
as cumulative strain before and after impact, along the sensor length. (c)
Photograph of representative impact series on the panel.

Opt. 37 (1998): 1735-1740.
9. Kreger, S., Gifford, D. K., Froggatt, M. E., Soller, B. J., and
Wolfe, M. S. "High resolution distributed strain or temperature measurements in single- and multi-mode fiber
using swept-wavelength interferometry." Optical Fiber
Sensors, OSA Technical Digest. Cancun, Mexico, October 23, 2006. Optical Society of America, 2006. Paper

modified version of the 0-45-90° configuration was
implemented in the distributed fiber optic rosette
which was embedded into a composite rotor blade.
Finally, a software program was developed which
allowed principal strains to be visualized along a
3D model of the instrumented part with minimal
user effort.
Most importantly, this work marks a step towards a new paradigm of non-destructive evaluation, as the information about distributed principal strains on parts instrumented with extended
fiber rosettes can be used to conduct structural

w w w. s a m p e . o r g

ThE42. CD-ROM.
10. D. K. Gifford, M. E. Froggatt, A. K. Sang, and S. T.
Kreger, "Multiple fiber loop strain rosettes in a single fiber
using high resolution distributed sensing," Fourth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors. Vol. 7653. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2010.
11. "ODiSI-B Sensor Strain Gage Factor Uncertainty".
[Online]. Available: https://lunainc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/EN-FY1602-ODiSI-B-Sensor-Strain-GageFactor-Uncertainty.pdf

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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2020

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