Pulse - August 2024 - 21

INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
Avoid vaccination, when possible, to any pet with a history
of life-threatening, immune-mediated disorders.
temporary or permanent. Prior antigen exposure is required.
Satellite lesions may be identified at the ear tips, footpads, tail,
or scrotum. Diphenhydramine will not prevent recurrence.
Type 4 hypersensitivity lives under the alternative name of
" Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity. " As the name implies, the
onset of clinical signs will take several days to initiate. Unlike
Type I-III, this hypersensitivity is cell-mediated immunity
rather than humoral.
This hypersensitivity may look like vaccine-associated
granulomas originating from other mechanisms, such as
macrophage recruitment. Diphenhydramine and other
antihistamines will not prevent recurrence. If the patient
experiences marked discomfort, then analgesics/anti-inflammatories
might be helpful - consider NSAIDs.
Other transient injection-site reactions include abscess,
granuloma, or seroma, injection-site pain, pruritus, and local
swelling. If infection is suspected, then antibiotic therapy is
warranted. Vaccine administration and sterile-handing protocols
should be reviewed to assess for nosocomial causes when
an abscess occurs.
Feline Injection Site Sarcomas (FISS) stands against the
tenet of medicine, " First, do no harm. " This vaccine adverse
event encompasses
information too large to cover here.
Current thinking supports that many injections, beyond
vaccines, may trigger this deadly disease. Risk versus reward
must always be considered.
In summary, know the four hypersensitivity types and how to
recognize and address each. Diphenhydramine can substantially
reduce the recurrence of Type 1 hypersensitivity but has less
applications elsewhere. Report all adverse events to the associated
vaccine companies to help maintain USDA awareness.
Finally, be proud of your vaccine recommendations - they save
more lives than any other professional action you perform.P
References
Choo KJL, Simons FER, Sheikh A. Glucocorticoids for the treatment of
anaphylaxis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;4. Art. No.: CD007596
Davenport R, Schwarz L, Boulton J. The decline of adult smallpox in
eighteenth-century London. Econ Hist Rev. 2011;64(4):1289-314. doi:
10.1111/j.1468-0289.2011.00599.x. PMID: 22171404; PMCID: PMC4373148.
Gallegos M, de Castro Pecanha V, Caycho-Rodríguez T. Anti-vax: the
history of a scientific problem. J Public Health (Oxf). 2023 Mar
14;45(1):e140-e141. doi: 10.1093/PubMed/fdac048. PMID: 35428036;
PMCID: PMC9383768.
Greene, DVM, MS, DACVIM, C. E. (2012). Infectious Diseases of the Dog
and Cat, 4th Edition (4th ed.). Retrieved August 25, 2018, from https://
www.elsevier.com/books/infectious-diseases-of-the-dog-and-cat/
greene/978-1-4160-6130-4
Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, Hussain S. The Anti-vaccination Movement:
A Regression in Modern Medicine. Cureus. 2018 Jul 3;10(7):e2919. doi:
10.7759/cureus.2919. PMID: 30186724; PMCID: PMC6122668.
Lisciandro, DVM, DABVP, DACVECC, G. R. (2019). ABVP 2019. In Update
on Canine Anaphylaxis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Medically Treated
Hemoabdomen. Denver. Retrieved January 1, 2024,
from https://
www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=23643&c
atId=&id=9242926&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview=.
Pashmakova, DVM, DACVECC, M. (n.d.). International Veterinary Emergency
and Critical Care Symposium 2015. In Anaphylaxis in Small
Animals. College Station, TX. Retrieved January 1, 2024, from https://
www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=12488&c
atId=&id=6927993&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview=.
Sheikh A, Shehata YA, Brown SGA, Simons FER. Adrenaline for the
treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review. Allergy.
2009;64:204-212.
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https://www.elsevier.com/books/infectious-diseases-of-the-dog-and-cat/greene/978-1-4160-6130-4 https://www.elsevier.com/books/infectious-diseases-of-the-dog-and-cat/greene/978-1-4160-6130-4 https://www.elsevier.com/books/infectious-diseases-of-the-dog-and-cat/greene/978-1-4160-6130-4 https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=23643&catId=&id=9242926&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview= https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=23643&catId=&id=9242926&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview= https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=23643&catId=&id=9242926&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview= https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=12488&catId=&id=6927993&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview= https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=12488&catId=&id=6927993&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview= https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=12488&catId=&id=6927993&said=&meta=&authorid=&preview=

Pulse - August 2024

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