Explore PA Wine Land Book 2021 - 81

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PA WINE SCHOOL
Glossary
The wine world has its own vast lexicon of adjectives, nouns,
and verbs. Fortunately, we are here to help you get fluent.
Bone up on your wine vocab below.
APPELLATION » An appellation
is a legally defined and protected
area used to define where the grapes
for a wine are grown. In the United
States, official appellations are called
American Viticultural Areas, or
AVAs. To list an AVA on the label, 75
percent of the grapes in a wine must
come from the AVA. Pennsylvania
appellations include Central Delaware
Valley AVA (shared with New Jersey),
Cumberland Valley AVA (shared with
Maryland), Lake Erie (shared with
New York and Ohio), Lancaster Valley
AVA, and Lehigh Valley AVA
AROMA » Smell is an essential part
of tasting and enjoying wine. The
aroma varies depending on the grape
varietal, where it is grown, when it is
harvested, and more. Typical aromas
include tropical fruits, berries, citrus,
herbs, and flowers.
BOUQUET » This word describes
a specific part of a wine's aroma,
namely the non-grape or berry
aromas a mature wine displays. The
word has historically been used to
describe olfactory notes resulting
from the winemaking process
(fermentation and aging) as opposed
to the grape itself (then the word
aroma is used).
BUD BREAK » The moment in the
vineyard when the buds first emerge
from the vines. In Pennsylvania, this
typically happens in late April or May,
depending on the weather.
BUTTERY » This adjective is
used to describe a wine that has a
creamy, smooth texture and rich,
toasty notes. This flavor profile is the
result of malolactic fermentation - a
secondary fermentation - in which
tart malic acid in wine is converted
to softer lactic acid. That process
typically occurs during aging in
oak barrels, which also adds vanilla,
cinnamon, and nutmeg notes.
CARBONIC MACERATION »
This is a winemaking technique used
mostly in the production of light- and
medium-bodied red wines. Whole,
uncrushed grapes are sealed in a tank
that is filled with carbon dioxide. The
CO2 starts the fermentation process
inside the individual grapes, and when
the alcohol level reaches 2 percent,
the fruit bursts, releasing its juices.
Invented in the Beaujolais region of
France, this process produces wines
that are fruity, bright, fresh, and low
in tannins. You might also see a wine
labeled as " semi-carbonic, " which
means they are started using carbonic
maceration but then finished with a
traditional fermentation.
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Explore PA Wine Land Book 2021

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