Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 762
TABLE 1. Different dimension of conveyor belts with their material composition and design* Material Polyurethane with mono polyester fabric Acetal Polypropylene Polypropylene Stainless steel Stainless steel Design – % Open mesh Fabric sheet belt – 0% 3.2% Mesh top – 24% 48% Single loop – 80% Balance weave – 70% Dimension 5 cm × 4 cm 5 cm × 5.5 cm 4.5 cm × 5 cm 6.5 cm × 5 cm 8.7 cm × 2.7 cm 6 cm × 6 cm * All belts were cut with a height dimension of 1 cm ity and safety. Common food processing plant materials were used in the evaluation, including stainless steel single loop belts with 80% open mesh structure, stainless steel balance weave (70%), polypropylene meshtop (24%), polypropylene (48%), acetal (3.2%), and polyurethane with monoester polyethylene fabric-canvas (< 1%). The mesh percentages listed above, which represent percent open mesh in each of the belts tested, were obtained from belt manufacturers. materials into different dimensions to ensure uniformity of area across the different types of belts (Table 1). The dimensions were later standardized to per cm2 surface area. All test chips included the interlocking part of the processing belts. The test surfaces were washed briefly in a disinfectant solution (1% Micro cleaning solution), rinsed in distilled water, and sonicated for 30 min as described by Arnold et al. (3, 4). Biofilm accumulation experiments Test surfaces were placed in sterile beakers containing sterile TSB (sufficient to completely immerse the chip). Blackman et al. demonstrated that complex media (TSB) supported more growth on food-processing surfaces than chemically defined minimal media (8). Therefore, TSB was chosen for this study to help ensure the growth of L. monocytogenes to form a good biofilm in the laboratory setting. The beakers were inoculated with pooled cultures, resulting in a final inoculum level of 5 log CFU/ml. Biofilms were developed at 10oC for 2–4 days with moderate agitation (100 rpm, Orbital shaker, Labline Instruments, Fisher Scientific). Test surfaces of each material were removed and analyzed at days 2, 3 and 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains The three strains of L. monocytogenes used as a cocktail in this study were Scott A, Brie 1, and ATCC 6744. The cultures were grown separately on Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB; Hardy Diagnostics) with 10% glycerol and maintained at -80oC. Working cultures were maintained on TSA slants at 4oC and cultures taken from these slants were used for this study. Cells were grown in TSB in sterile screw-cap test tubes at 37oC. Three consecutive loop transfers were made and a final transfer was made for overnight (14–16 h) growth. As standard practice, equal amounts (10 ml) of the three overnight cultures were pooled prior to being used as an inoculum. in a glass beaker containing 5.0 g of glass beads (425 – 600 µm diameter, acid washed, 30–40 U.S. Sieve, Sigma Aldrich) and 25 ml of PBS. Biofilm bacteria were dislodged from the test surfaces by placing the beaker in a touch mixer (Fisher Scientific, Model 231) for 30 s. Samples were serially diluted and plated, by use of an Autoplater® (Spiral Biotech, 4000), on BHI agar for bacterial enumeration. The plates were incubated at 32oC for up to 3 days. Colonies were counted and recorded as log CFU/ cm2. This method was shown to be an effective recovery procedure for biofilms by Anwar et al. and Denes et al. (2, 15). Data analysis The biofilm experiments were replicated three times and the means were reported. The thickness and mesh size of the test materials varied, which affected the total surface area of the test surfaces. This variation was taken into account, and the results given are normalized to per-square-cm surface area (Table 1). The normalization to per-square-cm was intended to represent actual instances observed in RTE plants. Data were analyzed using a one–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for treatments which showed an interaction between the test surface and time. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). A significance level of P < 0.05 was employed. Enumeration methodology The test surfaces were removed from the medium, rinsed twice with 10 ml of 0.01 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, with agitation by manually swirling the Petridish 10 times clockwise and 10 times counter clockwise. Test surfaces were placed Preparation of surfaces for biofilm growth The design and material makeup of the conveyor belts were used as test surfaces. Test surfaces were cut from new 762 FOOD PROTECTION TRENDS | NOVEMBER 2008
Food Protection Trends - November 2008
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - November 2008
Food Protection Trends - November 2008
Contents
Sustaining Members
Perspectives from Your President
Commentary from the Executive Director
Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes on Various Conveyor Belt Surfaces
Third-Party Certification of Agro-Products in China: A Study of Agro-Product Producers in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Qingdao
IAFP 2008 in Review
Award Winners
3M Microbiology - Black Pearl Award Winner
Ivan Parkin Lecture - Russell S. Flowers
John H. Silliker Lecture - Michael P. Doyle
Student Travel Scholarships
Session Summaries
Highlights of the Executive Board Meeting
Minutes of the 95th Annual Business Meeting
Committee Minutes
Executive Board Response to Committee Recommendations
Exhibitors of IAFP 2008
Special Contributors and Sponsors
Call for Awards - IAFP 2009
New Members
What's Happening in Food Safety
Industry Products
Coming Events
Advertising Index
Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Audiovisual Library Order Form
Booklet Order Form
Membership Application
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Food Protection Trends - November 2008
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 745
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Contents
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 747
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 748
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 749
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 750
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 751
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 752
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Sustaining Members
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 754
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 755
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Perspectives from Your President
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 757
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Commentary from the Executive Director
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 759
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes on Various Conveyor Belt Surfaces
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 761
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 762
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 763
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 764
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Third-Party Certification of Agro-Products in China: A Study of Agro-Product Producers in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Qingdao
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 766
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 767
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 768
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 769
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 770
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - IAFP 2008 in Review
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 772
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 773
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 774
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 775
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Award Winners
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 777
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 778
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 779
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 780
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 781
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 782
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 783
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 784
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 785
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 786
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 787
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 788
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 789
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 790
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 791
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 792
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 793
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 3M Microbiology - Black Pearl Award Winner
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 795
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Ivan Parkin Lecture - Russell S. Flowers
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 797
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 798
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 799
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - John H. Silliker Lecture - Michael P. Doyle
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 801
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 802
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 803
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Student Travel Scholarships
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 805
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 806
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 807
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Session Summaries
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 809
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 810
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 811
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 812
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 813
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 814
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 815
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 816
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 817
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 818
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 819
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 820
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 821
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 822
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 823
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 824
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 825
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 826
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 827
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 828
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 829
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 830
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 831
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 832
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Highlights of the Executive Board Meeting
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Minutes of the 95th Annual Business Meeting
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 835
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Committee Minutes
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 837
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 838
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 839
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 840
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 841
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 842
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 843
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 844
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 845
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 846
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 847
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 848
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 849
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 850
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 851
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 852
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 853
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 854
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 855
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 856
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 857
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Executive Board Response to Committee Recommendations
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 859
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 860
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 861
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 862
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 863
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 864
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 865
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Exhibitors of IAFP 2008
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 867
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 868
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 869
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 870
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Special Contributors and Sponsors
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 872
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 873
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Call for Awards - IAFP 2009
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 875
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - New Members
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 877
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 878
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 879
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - What's Happening in Food Safety
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 881
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 882
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 883
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 884
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 886
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 887
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 888
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 890
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Advertising Index
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - 893
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Audiovisual Library Order Form
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Booklet Order Form
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Membership Application
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - November 2008 - Cover4
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