Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 913
TABLE 1. Hand washing observation checklist: percent of young adultsa observed engaging in each practice Hands were washed Hand washing occasion % Observed 60 14 63 4 Running water was used % Observed 60 14 63 5 Soap was used Hands were rubbed together ≥ 20 seconds % Observed 16 0 10 1 % Observed 54 7 41 4 Before Food Preparation Began After Handling Raw Produce After Handling Raw Poultry As Necessary a b n = 153 b As necessary = hands were washed following: each absence from the food preparation work station (e.g., bathroom breaks, telephone call); touching body parts (e.g., wiping hands on clothes, touching face, hair); coughing/sneezing or blowing nose Evaluating the extent of risky food handling behavior, in particular hand washing during food preparation, is vital to understanding how to tailor and focus food safety education to this population. One purpose of this study, therefore, was to observe young adults’ hand washing behaviors during food preparation and compare their compliance to established guidelines for the prevention and spread of foodborne disease (22). Additional purposes were to determine how observed hand washing behaviors compared to self-reported behaviors as well as to assess young adults’ knowledge of recommended hand washing procedures. METHODS Young adults enrolled at a major US university were recruited via official university student email listservs and campus newspaper advertisements. Interested participants completed a brief screening questionnaire to identify those meeting eligibility requirements [i.e., age 18 to 26 years, did not hold a sanitation certification, had good or excellent health, and were not at increased risk of foodborne disease (i.e., pregnant, immune compromised)]. Of the 167 eligible individuals accepting the invitation, 153 honored their scheduled appointment time. These participants, blinded to the study purpose, followed two simple recipes that involved handling a raw food of animal origin that was to be cooked and one raw vegetable ingredient that was to be chopped and served uncooked. Trained observers recorded participant’s hand washing practices, using a 16-point criterion-based checklist. Specifically, the trained observers observed whether participants washed their hands on these four occasions: (a) before beginning food preparation, (b) after handling unwashed produce, (c) after handling raw poultry, and (d) as necessary (e.g., after touching hair, taking a break to answer the phone, use the restroom). For each occasion on which the participant was observed washing his or her hands, one point was earned, up to a maximum of four points. An additional point was awarded for each of the four hand washing occasions when participants washed their hands with running water, used soap, and/or rubbed their hands for at least 20 seconds (see Table 1) (24). Thus, if a participant washed his or her hands before beginning food preparation, using running water and soap, and rubbed the hands for at least 20 seconds, four points were earned. Ten percent (n = 16) of the observations were randomly selected for independent observation by two researchers; a comparison of the observations indicated a 92% inter-rater reliability. The food preparation protocol, observation checklist validation procedures, and observer training methods have been described previously (7). Following food preparation, young adults completed a 10-item hand washing knowledge test (e.g., most hygienic way to wash hands, when hands should be washed) [Livingston Reliability = 0.83 (5, 11, 20)] and 4-item self-report hand washing practices questionnaire (e.g., when during food preparation participant reports washing hands, whether soap is used) that were part of a comprehensive food safety survey (9, 10, 21). Using standard procedures, experts developed, validated, pilot-tested, and refined these instruments [published previously (7–9)]. Participants earned 1 point for every correct knowledge response and recommended self-reported practice. Thus, scores could range from 0 to 10 and 0 to 4 for the knowledge and self-reported practices questionnaires, respectively. Analysis of variance was conducted using the statistical analysis software program StatView, version 5 (SAS Institute, 2002) to compare observed and self-reported hand washing practices. This study was approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board. All study participants signed informed consent forms prior to participation. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 20.73 + 1.30 (standard deviation, SD) with a range of 18 to 26 years and were from a wide array of college majors. The majority (99%) prepared at least one meal weekly and were female (56%), white (67%), and upperclassmen (85%). Most did not believe that they or a house- DECEMBER 2008 | FOOD PROTECTION TRENDS 913
Food Protection Trends - December 2008
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - December 2008
Food Protection Trends - December 2008
Contents
Sustaining Members
Perspectives from Your President
Commentary from the Executive Director
Observed Hand Washing Behaviors of Young Adults during Food Preparation
Adoption of Interventions to Improve Food Safety at Meat and Poultry Processing Plants in the United States
Call for Awards – IAFP 2009
Affiliate Officers
IAFP Committee, PDG, Task Force and Affiliate Council Mission Statements
New Members
What’s Happening in Food Safety
Industry Products
Coming Events
Index to Volume 28
Advertising Index
IAFP Financial Report
Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Audiovisual Library Order Form
Booklet Order Form
Membership Application
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Food Protection Trends - December 2008
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 897
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Contents
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 899
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 900
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 901
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 902
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 903
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 904
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Sustaining Members
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 906
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 907
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Perspectives from Your President
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 909
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Commentary from the Executive Director
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 911
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Observed Hand Washing Behaviors of Young Adults during Food Preparation
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 913
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 914
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 915
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 916
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Adoption of Interventions to Improve Food Safety at Meat and Poultry Processing Plants in the United States
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 918
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 919
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 920
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 921
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 922
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 923
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 924
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 925
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 926
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 927
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Call for Awards – IAFP 2009
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 929
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Affiliate Officers
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 931
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 932
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 933
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 934
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 935
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 936
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - IAFP Committee, PDG, Task Force and Affiliate Council Mission Statements
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 938
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 939
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - New Members
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 941
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - What’s Happening in Food Safety
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 943
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 944
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 946
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 947
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 948
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Index to Volume 28
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 951
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 952
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 953
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 954
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - 955
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - IAFP Financial Report
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Audiovisual Library Order Form
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Booklet Order Form
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Membership Application
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - December 2008 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200807
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com