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FIGURE 2. Representative cooling curves for different locations of thermocouples (internal (I) and external (E)). REFERENCES 1. ACR Systems. ACR SmartButton product specifications. Available at: http://acrsystems.s3.amazonaws. com/products/smartbutton/smartbutton.pdf. Accessed on 3 January 2009. 2. Anonymous. 2008. Thermocouple temperature sensors. Available at: http://www.temperatures.com. Accessed on 8 June 2008). 3. Anonymous. 2009.“Thermocouples – An Introduction.” Omega Engineering. Available at http://www. omega.com/thermocouples.html. Accessed on 1 January 2009. 4. Cook, D. W., P. O’Leary, J. C. Hunsucker, E. M. Sloan, J. C. Bowers, R. J. Blodgett, and A. DePaola. 2002. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in US retail shell oysters: A national survey from June 1998 t o Ju ly 1 9 9 9 . J . Fo o d P ro t . 65:79–87. 5. Cook, D. W., and A. D. Ruple. 1989. Indicator bacteria and Vibrionaceae multiplication in post-harvest shellstock oysters. J. Food Prot. 52:343–349. 6. Eble, A. F., and R. Scro. 1996. General Anatomy. In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica. Ch. 1. p. 19–71. In V. S. Kennedy, R. I. E. Newell, and A. F. Eble (ed). Maryland Sea Grant, MA. 7. Martin, D. E., J. Supan, U. Nadimpalli and S. G. Hall. 2007. Effectiveness of a heat/cool technique for shucking oysters. Aquacult. Eng. 37:61–66. 8. Noether, G. E. 1991. Introduction to statistics the non-parametric Way. Springer-Verlag, New York. 9. Pollock, D. D. 1991. Introduction. In Thermocouples: Theory and properties. Ch. 1. p. 1–33. D.D. Pollock (ed). CRS Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL. 10. Ramsden, E. D. 2000. Temperature measurement. Sensors. Available at http://www.sensorsmag. com/sensors/Technologies+In+ Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperat ure/Temperature-Measurement/ A r t i c l e S t a n d a rd / A r t i c l e / d e tail/358202. Accessed on 2 January 2000. 11. Sokal, R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometr y: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd Edition, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York. p. 182–184. FIGURE 3. Representative cooling curves for comparison of SmartButton data logger (S) and external thermocouple (E). example, button data loggers could be placed in containers in different locations of the transport truck to monitor refrigeration temperatures as a function of product location. The ease of external placement and relatively low cost provided by button loggers could enhance compliance with temperature monitoring guidelines. The availability of a simplified method for real-time temperature monitoring should result in decreased risk of pathogen proliferation, as well as potential improvements in product shelf life, both of which would help assure the quality and safety of the food supply. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program, Epidemiological Approaches to Food Safety, 2004-35212-14882. Manuscript FSR09-03 of the Department of Food Science, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University. The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. MAY 2009 | FOOD PROTECTION TRENDS 271

http://acrsystems.s3.amazonaws.com/products/smartbutton/smartbutton.pdf http://acrsystems.s3.amazonaws.com/products/smartbutton/smartbutton.pdf http://acrsystems.s3.amazonaws.com/products/smartbutton/smartbutton.pdf http://www.temperatures.com http://www.omega.com/thermocouples.html http://www.omega.com/thermocouples.html http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/Technologies In Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperature/Temperature-Measurement/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/358202 http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/Technologies In Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperature/Temperature-Measurement/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/358202 http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/Technologies In Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperature/Temperature-Measurement/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/358202 http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/Technologies In Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperature/Temperature-Measurement/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/358202 http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/Technologies In Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperature/Temperature-Measurement/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/358202 http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/Technologies In Depth%2FSensors%2FTemperature/Temperature-Measurement/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/358202

Food Protection Trends - May 2009

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