Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 272
Copyright© 2009, International Association for Food Protection 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322-2864 Food Protection Trends, Vol. 29, No. 5, Pages 272–278 A Comparison of Hand and Machine Dishwashing from a Hygienic Standpoint MARIE GRöNVALL,1 EVA STåHL WERNERSSON1* and HåKAN HåKANSON2 1 Environmental Laboratory, GS Development AB, Jägershillgatan 15, SE-213 75 Malmö, Sweden; 2 Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Lund, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden INTRODUCTION Dishwashing is one of the oldest activities in kitchens all over the world. The most common way to perform dishwashing is to soak the items in water with detergent, clean them in dishwater together with detergent, and finally put them through a rinsing process. It is tedious work, often performed in odd locations where ergonomics and ventilation are not optimum. Still, this way of cleaning is the most common method in both domestic and professional kitchens. Hygiene is essential for dishwashing in both domestic and professional kitchens (1, 4, 23). In domestic kitchens, a small number of meals are served to a restricted number of persons, so that if cross-contamination occurs, only a relatively small number of individuals are affected. In professional kitchens, there is a chance for numerous people to be infected by foodborne illness caused by, for example, contaminated dishes (7). Foodborne illness can cause a large cost and a burden for society (16, 22). Increased use of dishwashers can improve hygiene through dishwashing at higher temperatures and the use of more effective and aggressive detergents (30). Dishwashers that utilize a combination of chemical and mechanical treatment of dishes are offered on the market in Europe (27). SUMMARy In Europe, the majority of dishwashing is done manually, whereas dishwashing machines are used in approximately onefourth of washing procedures. In this work, we investigated the survival of Enterococcus faecium with machine dishwashing and hand dishwashing. Bacterial counts in the wash tank of the dishwasher were reduced by more than 3 log units within 5 minutes. Bacterial reduction was much slower during hand dishwashing, in which a reduction of 0.7 log units was observed after 43 minutes. It was also observed that the type of soil has little influence on the survival of E. faecium in dishwater during hand dishwashing. The mean numbers of E. faecium on cleaned dishware was 13–26 times higher for items cleaned by hand dishwashing than for those cleaned by machine dishwashing. Plates that were not visually clean after hand dishwashing had higher numbers of surviving E. faecium than plates that were visually clean. From a hygienic point of view, machine dishwashing is superior to hand dishwashing. In the machine, a higher temperature and pH are combined with lower COD (chemical oxygen demand) and faster drying, creating a harsh environment for microorganisms. Machine dishwashing is also more easily replicated than hand dishwashing, since it is controlled by the specifications of the machine. A peer-reviewed article * Author for correspondence: Phone: 46.40.671.5000; Fax: 46.40.215820 E-mail: eva.stahl.wernersson@gs-development.com 272 FOOD PROTECTION TRENDS | MAY 2009
Food Protection Trends - May 2009
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - May 2009
Food Protection Trends - May 2009
Contents
Sustaining Members
Perspectives from Your President
Commentary from the Executive Director
Comparison of Traditional Thermocouples and Data Loggers for Simplified Temperature Monitoring Using Shellstock Oysters as a Model
A Comparison of Hand and Machine Dishwashing from a Hygienic Standpoint
IAFP Secretary Announcement
Highlights from the Dubai International Food Safety Conference
General Interest Paper – An Ounce of Prevention
New Members
What’s Happening in Food Safety
Industry Products
Ivan Parkin Lecture
John H. Silliker Lecture
Special Contributors and Sponsors
Preliminary Program
General Information
Activities
Event Information
Registration Form
Workshops
Coming Events
Advertising Index
Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Audiovisual Library Order Form
Booklet Order Form
Membership Application
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Food Protection Trends - May 2009
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 253
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Contents
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 255
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 256
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 257
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 258
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 259
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 260
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Sustaining Members
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 262
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 263
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Perspectives from Your President
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 265
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Commentary from the Executive Director
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 267
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Comparison of Traditional Thermocouples and Data Loggers for Simplified Temperature Monitoring Using Shellstock Oysters as a Model
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 269
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 270
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 271
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - A Comparison of Hand and Machine Dishwashing from a Hygienic Standpoint
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 273
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 274
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 275
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 276
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 277
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 278
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - IAFP Secretary Announcement
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 280
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Highlights from the Dubai International Food Safety Conference
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 282
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 283
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - General Interest Paper – An Ounce of Prevention
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 285
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - New Members
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 287
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 288
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - What’s Happening in Food Safety
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 290
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 291
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 293
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 294
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 295
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Ivan Parkin Lecture
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - John H. Silliker Lecture
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Special Contributors and Sponsors
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Preliminary Program
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - General Information
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Activities
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Event Information
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 303
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 304
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Registration Form
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Workshops
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 307
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 309
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Advertising Index
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 312
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - 313
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Audiovisual Library Order Form
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Booklet Order Form
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Membership Application
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - May 2009 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200807
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com