Food Protection Trends - February 2011 - (Page 132)

Celebrating 100 Years of IAFP Journals: 1940s Prepared by the FPT Subcommittee of the 100−Year Planning Committee* evelopments in food protection during the 1940s were shaped largely by the conditions caused by World War II during the first half of the decade. Troops required a consistent and safe food supply that met quality standards set by the military. Food distribution channels lengthened to provide supplies to troops, driving the need for products with increased shelf life. New products manufactured under centralized production emerged to meet demand, and with them, a host of new microbiological challenges. Energy consumption was scrutinized, if not controlled, and raw materials used in manufacturing processing equipment were scarce. The industry responded by tightening and standardizing sanitation and quality control programs. J. H. Schrader, in his 1944 review of the scientific advances within the dairy industry (12), summarized the climate of the day: The exigencies of the times are responsible for two beneficial movements, namely, better care of equipment and a movement toward simplification of our regulatory procedure. The first means greater skill and personnel training are necessary to handle properly a plant that is with difficulty replaceable. The second reveals a trend toward placing more emphasis on the quality of milk itself and less on its environmental setting. Although the global war curtailed research and restricted the resources available for advancing food science, the Journal of Milk Technology, and later the Journal of Milk and Food Technology, published both frank guidance to sanitarians and results of original research that provided information useful in improving sanitarian programs. Development of new foods accelerated substantially during the war years. Advancements in technologies used in the production of powdered milk and eggs, dry ice cream mix, bread spreads, and other foods of low water activity led to centralized manufacture of large quantities of products (15). Salmonella contamination, thought to be a problem D associated with meat from infected animals, became recognized as a hazard in low-moisture products. Throughout the decade, the Journal published guidance and standards for the implementation of effective quality control programs suitable for large plants (2, 6, 8, 10). Often in a notably straightforward writing style, these publications stressed the importance of preventative programs such as adoption of 3-A Sanitary Design Standards and strong plant sanitation practices to ensure product quality and safety. Many emphasized coordination of standards between the industry and public health entities as well as buy-in from plant management. Meeting the increased demand for milk during the war years of the 1940s drove the advancement of sanitation practices, programs, and technologies. Allocation of materials used in the construction of food processing equipment was controlled through rationing, which placed renewed emphasis on care of materials and on the practices involved in cleaning them. The Journal published several articles evaluating the efficacy, corrosivity, and suitable uses of cleaning Continued on page 128 132 FOOD PROTECTION TRENDS | FEBRUARY 2011

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - February 2011

Food Protection Trends - February 2011
Contents
Sustaining Members
Reflections of Your President
Commentary from the Executive Director
An Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection Linked to Unpasteurized Apple Cider in Oklahoma, 1999
Examining the Exam: Implications for Participants and Policy Makers of the Food Manager Certification Exam
General Interest Paper: Recipe Websites: A Novel Medium for Disseminating Food Safety and Origin Information
IAFP 2011–2012 Secretary Election
IAFP 2011 Award Nominations
New Members
What's Happening in Food Safety
Industry Products
Activities
General Information
Registration Form
Coming Events
Advertising Index
Journal of Food Protection Table of Contents
Booklet Order Form
Membership Application
Celebrating 100 Years of IAFP Journals: 1940s

Food Protection Trends - February 2011