Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 187

ing. Investigators also documented procedures intended to
reduce the potential for contamination of finished product
from cross-contamination in the processing environment,
such as product flow, employee practices, and the use of
environmental sampling, to verify sanitation controls. The
number of employees (i.e., an indication of facility size),
employee training, and use of antimicrobial agents on
fish prior to cold smoking were also recorded. This paper
provides information on practices that were observed by a
different investigator in each individual facility. This does not
allow us to compare practices done in one facility to those
in another facility to determine the significance of different
practices to minimize cross-contamination.
Environmental samples (i.e., swabs) were collected
from food contact surfaces and nonfood contact surfaces
in close proximity to food and food contact surfaces (24).
Approximately 50 to 100 swabs were collected at each facility.
The number of swabs collected was based on the size of the
facility. Environmental samples were taken several hours
into production by swabbing surfaces such as food contact
surfaces, smoking equipment, totes, cracks in the floor, floor

drains, etc. In addition to environmental samples, finished
product samples were collected from 2 of the 15 facilities.
Swab and finished product samples were analyzed following
the Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for the
detection of Listeria (10). Samples found to contain Listeria
spp. were speciated to determine whether the isolates were
L. monocytogenes or a nonpathogenic species of Listeria.
PFGE was performed on L. monocytogenes isolates using
PulseNet's standardized protocol for L. monocytogenes (4).
RESULTS
Environmental samples
Table 1 summarizes the environmental sampling results
and the number of employees in each of the 15 cold-smoked
fish processing facilities inspected and sampled by FDA. The
facilities varied in size from the smallest, with one part-time
employee, to the largest, with 180 full-time employees and
with additional employees hired seasonally. For discussion
purposes, these 15 facilities were placed into four groups
based on their environmental sample results.

TABLE 1. FDA environmental swab results for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes
positives and number of employees for each of the 15 cold smoked fish
processing facilities

Facility

Group1

Listeria spp.
Positives

L. monocytogenes
Positives

Nonpathogenic
Species of Listeria
Positives

Number of Employees
Full-time

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4

0
0
0
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
23
12

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
11
10

0
0
0
1
1
1
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
12
2

35
6
22
100
0
18
180
4
6
90
4
2
35

Part-time

25
4
0
0
1
0
Seasonal
0
Not recorded
0
0
0
Not recorded
0
0

1. Group designation was based on FDA environmental sampling results for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes.

March/April Food Protection Trends

187



Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021

Presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Sanitation Controls in Cold-Smoked Salmon Facilities during FDA Inspections
Sensitivity of Planktonic Cells and Biofilm of Wild- Type and Pressure-Stressed Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica Serovars to Sodium Hypochlorite
I Read It on Reddit: Food Safety Information-Seeking Preferences and Practices of Young Adults Online
Food Safety Knowledge and Self-Reported Practice among Campers in the United States
Consumer Handling of Whole Turkeys: Identification of Common Mishandling Practices
Ability of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Refine a Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- Cluster in New York State and Detect a Multistate Outbreak Linked to Raw Poultry
Beyond the Bio Nadia Narine
PDG Highlight Food Safety Assessment, Audit and Inspection Professional Development Group
Industry Products
Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 177
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 178
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 179
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 180
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 181
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 182
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 183
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Sanitation Controls in Cold-Smoked Salmon Facilities during FDA Inspections
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 185
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 186
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 187
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 188
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 189
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 190
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 191
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 192
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 193
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 194
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Sensitivity of Planktonic Cells and Biofilm of Wild- Type and Pressure-Stressed Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica Serovars to Sodium Hypochlorite
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 196
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 197
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 198
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 199
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 200
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 201
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 202
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 203
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - I Read It on Reddit: Food Safety Information-Seeking Preferences and Practices of Young Adults Online
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 205
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 206
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 207
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 208
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 209
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 210
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 211
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 212
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 213
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 214
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 215
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Food Safety Knowledge and Self-Reported Practice among Campers in the United States
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 217
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 218
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 219
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 220
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 221
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 222
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 223
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 224
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 225
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 226
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 227
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 228
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 229
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 230
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 231
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Consumer Handling of Whole Turkeys: Identification of Common Mishandling Practices
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 233
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 234
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 235
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 236
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 237
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 238
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Ability of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Refine a Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- Cluster in New York State and Detect a Multistate Outbreak Linked to Raw Poultry
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 240
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 241
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 242
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 243
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 244
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 245
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 246
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 247
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Beyond the Bio Nadia Narine
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 249
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 250
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - PDG Highlight Food Safety Assessment, Audit and Inspection Professional Development Group
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 252
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 253
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 254
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 255
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - 257
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2021 - Cover4
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