Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 481

TABLE 3. Average population levels of S. enterica and pathogenic E. coli in inoculated
pastas before and after the cooking treatments
Pathogenic organism
S. enterica
Before treatmenta
After treatmentb
Pathogenic E. coli
Before treatmenta
After treatmentb
a Avg ± SD, n = 3.
b Avg ± SD, n = 5.
Elbow noodles
Trial 1
7.1 ± 0.3
<0.5
6.9 ± 0.2
<0.5
Average population level (log MPN/g) for each pasta type
Flat noodles
Trial 2
7.4 ± 0.0
<0.5
7.4 ± 0.3
<0.5
Trial 1
7.4 ± 0.0
<0.5
7.2 ± 0.5
<0.5
Trial 2
7.3 ± 0.2
<0.5
7.9 ± 0.5
<0.5
No-boil lasagna noodles
Trial 1
Trial 2
7.2 ± 0.2
<0.5
6.9 ± 0.4
<0.5
7.2 ± 0.2
<0.5
8.1 ± 0.3
<0.5
TABLE 4. Average water activity of S. enterica and pathogenic E. coli-inoculated pastas
before and after cooking treatments
Pathogenic organism
S. enterica
Before treatmenta
After treatmenta
Pathogenic E. coli
Before treatmenta
After treatmenta
a Avg, n = 2.
Elbow noodles
Trial 1
0.542
0.996
0.585
0.989
Trial 2
0.567
0.994
0.583
0.988
Average water activity for each pasta type
Flat noodles
Trial 1
0.653
1.003
0.576
0.990
Trial 2
0.596
1.002
0.590
0.992
No-boil lasagna noodles
Trial 1
Trial 2
0.561
0.990
0.557
0.979
0.562
0.985
0.598
0.971
the heat resistance of S. enterica and pathogenic E. coli is
expected to be extremely high. Archer et al. (2) determined
the D-value of S. enterica serovar Weltevreden in wheat flour
(water activity ranging from 0.50 to 0.60) to be 40 to 45
min at 75 to 77°C (z-value of 30.3°C). In addition, a study
by Daryaei et al. (12) investigated the heat resistance of 22
strains of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (both O157:H7 and
non-O157 strains) in wheat flour (8% moisture content) and
found that for 16 of the 22 strains tested, a <2-log reduction
was observed after a heat treatment of 82°C for 5 min. In
a study by Suehr et al. (27), the D-value for E. coli O121
(isolated from the 2016 General Mills flour recall-outbreak)
at 80°C was determined to be 4.58 ± 0.40 min (z-value of
14.57 ± 2.21°C) in wheat flour, with a water activity of
0.45. These studies indicate that the time required to
observe adequate and substantial log reductions of
S. enterica and pathogenic E. coli in dry pasta is far in
excess of the those of the cooking treatments evaluated in
the current study: microwave cooking, 2.5 min; stovetop
cooking, 6 min; and baking cooking, 50 min. Therefore,
considering the extreme heat resistance of S. enterica
and pathogenic E. coli in low-water-activity matrices, it
is reasonable to assume that a majority of the lethality
observed in this study occurred after the water activity of
the pasta products had increased substantially, that is, at
the end of the cooking treatments.
September/October Food Protection Trends 481

Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021

“I Walk around Like My Hands are Covered in Mud”: Food Safety and Hand Hygiene Behaviors of Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Effect of Antimicrobial Washes, Essential Oil Vapor Phase, and Antimicrobial Pullulan Coating in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on Strawberries
Reduction of Salmonella enterica and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Pasta by Using Common Cooking Methods
A Food Safety Laboratory Curriculum Significantly Improves Knowledge, Behaviors, Attitudes, and Handwashing Skills of Laboratory Personnel in East and South Africa
Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Hygienic Practices of Abattoir Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Beyond the Bio Sanjay Gummalla
PDG Highlight The Food Law Professional Development Group
Industry Products
Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 447
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 448
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 449
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 450
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 451
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 452
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 453
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - “I Walk around Like My Hands are Covered in Mud”: Food Safety and Hand Hygiene Behaviors of Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 455
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 456
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 457
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 458
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 459
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 460
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 461
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 462
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 463
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Effect of Antimicrobial Washes, Essential Oil Vapor Phase, and Antimicrobial Pullulan Coating in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on Strawberries
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 465
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 466
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 467
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 468
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 469
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 470
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 471
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 472
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 473
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 474
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 475
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Reduction of Salmonella enterica and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Pasta by Using Common Cooking Methods
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 477
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 478
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 479
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 480
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 481
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 482
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 483
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 484
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - A Food Safety Laboratory Curriculum Significantly Improves Knowledge, Behaviors, Attitudes, and Handwashing Skills of Laboratory Personnel in East and South Africa
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 486
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 487
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 488
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 489
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 490
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 491
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 492
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 493
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 494
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 495
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 496
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 497
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 498
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 499
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 500
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Hygienic Practices of Abattoir Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 502
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 503
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 504
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 505
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 506
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 507
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 508
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 509
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 510
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 511
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 512
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 513
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Beyond the Bio Sanjay Gummalla
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 515
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 516
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - PDG Highlight The Food Law Professional Development Group
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 519
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 520
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 521
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 522
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 523
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 524
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 525
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20241112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200807
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com