Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 487
management steps in a food safety laboratory were discussed.
Then, the key steps to generate technically valid results were
discussed. These key steps included statistical methods to
create sampling plans, guidelines for the validation of microbial
detection methods, as well as guidelines for the calibration
and validation of laboratory equipment (4, 17, 18). On
the fourth day, statistical process control tools that can be
used in a food safety laboratory were explained to achieve
process stability and variance reduction (11). Moreover, the
importance of record keeping and education was emphasized
to maintain or improve good laboratory practices (GLP).
On the fifth day, food laws and regulations, such as Codex
Alimentarius, hazard analysis and critical control point, ISO
standards, British Retail Consortium, International Featured
Standard were addressed.
To facilitate the lectures, different breakout sessions were
designed. For example, in one of the breakout sessions,
the participants were asked to prepare standard operating
procedures (SOP) for a selected food item to include (i)
transport (how the sample was packaged and sent to the lab
for analyses); (ii) preparation or processing of the sample
(time frame for sampling, homogenization of food sample
[stomaching, blending, rinsing, and swabbing], sample size
and measurement [volume versus weight], and choice of
buffer); (iii) dilution scheme and reagents; (iv) choice of
media and/or technique (standard plate counts, molecular,
immunological) for determining which microorganisms are
present in the sample; (v) atmosphere and temperature for
incubation of media; and (vi) presence or absence and/or
enumeration or quantitation of organisms (manual versus
automatic). Participants were also asked to design a continuous
training plan for the laboratory by answering the following
questions: Which training tools can be used? Who will be
included in the training program? What kind of competency
assessment can be used? How often will the training program
be implemented? The details of the curriculum and breakout
session activities can be found in Table 1.
Participants' demographics, evaluation of knowledge,
behavior, attitude, and handwashing skills
Participants completed a demographic questionnaire
after signing the consent form and agreeing to participate in
the Food Safety Laboratory Workshop. This questionnaire
included 14 questions to assess the participants' age, sex,
marital status, educational background, proficiency in testing
methods and laboratory instruments, and their English
proficiencies. Prior to and immediately after the curriculum
was delivered, the participants were evaluated for knowledge,
behavior, attitudes, and handwashing skills, as a means of
gauging the impact of the training on the participants. To
evaluate the change in the participants' knowledge, we conducted
pre- and posttests. The pre- and posttests included the
same 30 true or false and multiple choice questions. Moreover,
participants completed the same behavior and attitude
surveys before and after the delivery of the curriculum. The
behavior survey had 24, 6-point Likert scale questions, and
the attitude survey included 18, 6-point Likert scale questions.
Moreover, participants' handwashing techniques were
monitored to assess their representative skills before and after
the completion of the workshop. The handwashing activity
videos were recorded by using a Canon Powershot (Tokyo,
Japan) and saved to an external memory card (Samsung
Flash, Seoul, South Korea). Then, the handwashing techniques
were scored, on the basis of the timing, movements,
and sounds produced during the handwashing procedure.
The scoring system (Table 2) was developed by using the
method of the Consensus Measurement in Hand Hygiene
project, with some modifications (12, 16).
Data analysis
The total number of responses to each question in the
demographic questionnaire, behavior, and attitude surveys
was counted and reported as percentages. The pre- and
posttests were evaluated on a 100-point scale. Moreover, the
handwashing skill data were calculated over 12 maximum
points. Microsoft Office Excel 2013 (Microsoft Corp.,
Redmond, WA) was used to calculate data points and
basic descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation,
standard error of the mean, percentage of responses, and
observations). Statistically significant differences in pre- and
posttest results and handwashing skill scores were calculated
by using paired t test (α = 0.05; Minitab, State College, PA).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The topics and agenda for the Food Safety Laboratory
Workshop were developed and based on the needs assessment
conducted by Pokharel et al. (14). The workshop was delivered
in Uganda, Mozambique, and Ethiopia in January and
February 2019. The Food Safety Laboratory Workshop agenda
is provided in Table 1. The aim of the workshop was to improve
the knowledge, behavior, attitude, and handwashing skills of
participants who work in food testing laboratories.
Demographic characteristics of participants
Table 3 demonstrates the demographic characteristics of
participants from the food safety testing laboratories in East
and South Africa. In Uganda, 60% of participants were between
30 to 39 years old. In Mozambique and Ethiopia, the
ages of participants ranged from 21 to 59 years. In all three
countries, most of the participants had bachelor's (4-year college)
degrees. In Uganda, most of the participants had biology
or agriculture backgrounds. In Mozambique and Ethiopia,
the participants' educational backgrounds were more diverse.
Similarly, most of the participants in the needs assessment
study conducted by Pokharel et al. (14) also had biological and
agricultural backgrounds, with an average age of 39 years. In
Uganda and Mozambique, most participants (80%) indicated
they were " proficient " with lab instruments. However, 37% of
September/October Food Protection Trends 487
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021
“I Walk around Like My Hands are Covered in Mud”: Food Safety and Hand Hygiene Behaviors of Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Effect of Antimicrobial Washes, Essential Oil Vapor Phase, and Antimicrobial Pullulan Coating in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on Strawberries
Reduction of Salmonella enterica and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Pasta by Using Common Cooking Methods
A Food Safety Laboratory Curriculum Significantly Improves Knowledge, Behaviors, Attitudes, and Handwashing Skills of Laboratory Personnel in East and South Africa
Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Hygienic Practices of Abattoir Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Beyond the Bio Sanjay Gummalla
PDG Highlight The Food Law Professional Development Group
Industry Products
Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 447
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 448
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 449
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 450
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 451
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 452
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 453
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - “I Walk around Like My Hands are Covered in Mud”: Food Safety and Hand Hygiene Behaviors of Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 455
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 456
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 457
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 458
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 459
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 460
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 461
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 462
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 463
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Effect of Antimicrobial Washes, Essential Oil Vapor Phase, and Antimicrobial Pullulan Coating in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on Strawberries
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 465
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 466
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 467
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 468
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 469
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 470
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 471
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 472
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 473
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 474
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 475
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Reduction of Salmonella enterica and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Pasta by Using Common Cooking Methods
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 477
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 478
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 479
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 480
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 481
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 482
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 483
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 484
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - A Food Safety Laboratory Curriculum Significantly Improves Knowledge, Behaviors, Attitudes, and Handwashing Skills of Laboratory Personnel in East and South Africa
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 486
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 487
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 488
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 489
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 490
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 491
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 492
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 493
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 494
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 495
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 496
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 497
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 498
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 499
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 500
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Hygienic Practices of Abattoir Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 502
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 503
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 504
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 505
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 506
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 507
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 508
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 509
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 510
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 511
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 512
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 513
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Beyond the Bio Sanjay Gummalla
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 515
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 516
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - PDG Highlight The Food Law Professional Development Group
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 519
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 520
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 521
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 522
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 523
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 524
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - 525
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200807
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com