Food Protection Trends - January/February 2023 - 38

where those surfaces are used or located, such as in hospitals
or food-related environments. For instance, laminate surfaces
may have the highest failure rate on the basis of ATP RLU
levels, compared with other surfaces, as laminate is commonly
used to make cutting boards, and cutting boards are in
direct contact with foods (10).
CONCLUSIONS
Although ATP is often used to monitor and verify the
cleanliness of surfaces and/or surface sanitation protocols,
the data reported here suggest that ATP bioluminescent
data were not reliable or appropriate predictors for Listeria
spp. presence in sampled distribution centers. Because
Listeria spp. were isolated from these distribution centers,
L. monocytogenes may be present and pose a food safety
hazard, if not properly detected and mitigated. Therefore,
environmental monitoring programs should include
strategies for microbial detection (or enumeration, if
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Urban prevalence of Listeria spp. and Listeria
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appropriate, on the basis of a microbial target) and not rely
solely on ATP data to assess the overall sanitary condition
in food distribution centers. ATP may have utility as part of
a suite of tools that the industry is using but should not be
used in isolation as an indicator of Listeria spp. in distribution
center settings.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was funded by the Center for Produce Safety
through the California Department of Food and Agriculture
(Specialty Crop Block Grant Program grant 19-0001-062SF).
The authors thank Mary Yavelak, Jennifer Dorick,
Michelle Danyluk, Joyjit Saha, Luis Edgardo Martinez, and
Rebecca Goulter for assisting with sample collection. The
authors also thank Claire Marik Murphy and Dr. Cameron
Bardsley for laboratory assistance. Finally, we thank our
industry partners who supported this work.
38
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