Battery Power - Fall 2016 - 6
Feature
currently being addressed by calendaring, but the surface
cannot be made as smooth as it possibly could be, enabling
micro voids to be created between the particles. Furthermore, commercial calendars are very expensive and difficult
to maintain, and ultimately the winding of the 'Swiss Roll'
needs to occur before complete drying to avoid cracking.
As you may deduce, there is potential improvement
within the manufacturing of electrodes that can translate
into substantial manufacturing cost reduction. This is only
realizable if the electrode material currently in a slurry
form can be replaced by electrode material that can be
made into homogeneous film possessing a very controlled
thickness and width. This will allow the coating process to
be relatively simple, inexpensive and environmentally clean,
using water as the solvent. The resulting film (an electrode
sheet) then can be immediately laminated onto another
film (layers of electrode sheets), and most remarkably, the
winding of the resulting electrode film can be done at any
time without any risk of cracking.
are needed to increase coater speed and/or other unit
operations significantly.
Cost/KWh of Energy Storage Using
Lithium-Ion Batteries
The high costs of batteries represent a significant challenge and barrier to mass adoption for automotive manufacturers that produce electric vehicles. As stated earlier,
the current cost of storing electrical energy using lithiumion batteries is above $500/kWh.
To reduce costs below $100/kWh, we must explore an
alternate lithium-ion battery chemistry, along with the use
of new materials and low cost manufacturing methods that
can work well within this new chemistry and its processes.
As noted earlier, a substantial portion of the cost of manufacturing a lithium-ion battery is in the manufacturing and
production of its cathode. Thus, the cost of cathode materials and manufacturing must be reduced in order to effectively lower the cost of manufacturing lithium-ion batteries.
Additionally, the life cycle of a lithium-ion battery
needs to be extended. Currently, owners of electric vehicles have to purchase several replacement battery packs
multiple times throughout the lifetime of their vehicle
ownership. Thus, electric vehicles would make more
economic sense if the battery's life cycle paralleled the vehicle ownership. Again, potential breakthrough solutions
that drastically improve life cycles will most likely require
exploring a new lithium-ion battery chemistry rather
than continuing to focus on just improving conventional
intercalation chemistry that promises only incremental
improvements over existing solutions.
"Moore's Law" is the observation that, over the history
of computing hardware, the number of transistors in a
dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately every
two years. After 50 years, Moore's Law solidified itself as the
golden rule for the electronics industry and has economic,
technological and societal impact.
However, Moore's Law does not apply to batteries.
The exponential increase of computer power over a long
period of time is due to advances in lithography and technology and has no fundamental meaning, nor should an
exponential increase to be expected in any other area of
technology. In fact, ongoing improvements in processors
will slow and eventually stop as feature sizes approach
atomic dimensions, if heat dissipation does not stop improvement before then.
The scale of economy based on conventional intercalation chemistry tends to result in only incremental
cost reduction, and there exists no evidence to support
the specific energy of batteries increasing in any regular
fashion. Indeed, most improvement in battery performance
has come about from changing chemistry rather than from
ongoing improvement within a given chemistry.
In general, there are three ways to improve lithiumion batteries to reduce cost. At the material level, these
batteries require materials that support high power and
a wide state of charge (SOC) range, minimal impedance
growth, and calendar aging. At the cell level, there are
needs for new chemistry and electrode designs permitting
shorter and thicker electrodes. In general but with exception, chemistries and designs that enable lower overall
electrode area per battery and minimize battery size, will
ultimately reduce cost. At the manufacturing level, identification and adoption of advanced processing technologies
6
Battery Power * Fall 2016
The Need to Reduce the Cost of Lithium-Ion Batteries
A Solution to Drastically Lower the Cost of
Lithium-Ion Batteries
BioSolar's current research program focuses on improving the capacity and lowering the cost of storing electrical
energy with lithium-ion batteries. In addition to developing technologies to commercialize in the near term, the
company's long-term product development objective is to
completely abandon the traditional intercalation chemistry
www.BatteryPowerOnline.com
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Battery Power - Fall 2016
Improving Lithium-Ion Battery for Future Energy Storage Needs
Protecting Lithium Batteries and Battery Packs from Runaway Thermal Events
Sorting Busbar Choices for Electric Vehicle Power Distribution
2016 Battery Power Resource Guide
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Battery Power - Fall 2016 - Sorting Busbar Choices for Electric Vehicle Power Distribution
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