Autonomous Vehicle Engineering - September 2021 - 12

Sensors
"
There's a lot of growth for long-range, 4D high-resolution imaging radar,
high performance radars with more signal channels than you find in most
mass-market passenger cars today.
"
Camera makers are increasing resolution for
automotive-grade imagers.
asserted Arnaud Lagandré, VP of the ADAS Business
Unit, Continental North America. " Furthermore,
we need to understand redundancy as sensors use
different physical principles. Adding more forwardlooking
cameras will not help when you are driving
directly towards the sunset, they will all be equally
blinded. Considering the top three sensor technologies
currently in use (camera, radar, and lidar), you would
always need to have at least two different physical
principles operational to ensure safe sensing of the
environment in any complex driving scenarios. "
Sensor suppliers are continuing to expand their
capabilities, extending distances and improving resolution.
Automakers utilize CMOS imagers like those in
phones, but most automotive-grade cameras remain in
the 1-2 megapixel range. However, higher-resolution
automotive cameras are beginning to ship.
" The most widely discussed challenge within
CMOS imaging sensors is to make the sensor with
smaller pixel and higher performance targets,
such as higher resolution, and to make sure they
operate smoothly in extreme temperatures, " said
Andy Hanvey, director of automotive marketing,
OmniVision Technologies Inc. " As the level increases,
the resolution increases to 8 megapixels in order to
see farther distances. "
Changing channels
Radar developers are adding more channels to boost
resolution and increase sensing distance. When
channel counts double, the number of virtual channels
soars significantly, giving systems greater ability to
determine distance and identify objects.
" Radars have gone from a 2x2 channel format
to 4x4, so there's four times higher resolution, " said
Martin Duncan, ADAS division general manager
at STMicroelectronics. " The four transmitter and
four receivers communicate independently and can
12 September 2021
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ENGINEERING
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Autonomous Vehicle Engineering - September 2021

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