Autonomous Vehicle Engineering - January 2022 - 16

Emerging Technologies
Figure 1 is a vehicle abstract using many different data rates in the backplane. While an oversimplification, it helps illustrate how some of
these technologies and standards work together.
for keeping weight down to maximize fuel (or battery)
efficiency. Many of these requirements can be met by
automotive Ethernet with a bandwidth of up to 10
Gbps. But with some cameras requiring up to 3,500
Mbps, we must also consider another technology to
move that data around.
Bandwidth Requirements
To better understand bandwidth requirements,
remember that the approximate bit rate of a video stream
can be calculated as: Frame Size = Resolution x Color
Depth; and Bit Rate = Frame Size x Frame rate. So, for
an ADAS camera capturing a 1080p image, with a color
depth of 24-bits and transmitting at 30fps, the bit rate to
be supported equals: Frame Size = 1920 x 1080 x 24 =
49,766,400; and Bit Rate = 49,766,400 x 30 = 1,493 Mbps.
The following table shows typical volumes of
data from the different sensors involved in autonomous
driving:
Sensor
Camera
Lidar
Radar
Ultrasound
Bit rate/sensor
500-3500 Mbps
20-100 Mbps
0.1-5 Mbps
.01 Mbps
Network architects need to understand how the
vehicle will be required to scale as the technology
improves. The current expectation is that vehicles remain
in use for 10 to 15 years. If cost-effective interconnect
solutions can provide support for additional bandwidth,
they may need to consider designing them today to
allow for added ADAS/AV-heavy features customers
will want during the life of the vehicle, particularly as
safety becomes an important consideration.
Zonal architecture and SerDes
Reducing complexity is an ongoing focus in in-vehicle
networking. An abstract version of a vehicle using
16 January 2022
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ENGINEERING
Keysight Technologies

Autonomous Vehicle Engineering - January 2022

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