MATERIALS FEATURE Figure 1: Potential materials for bus frames. than representing a bus from any particular manufacturer. It is around 14 meters (46 ft) in length with three axles, capable of carrying 63 passengers and two drivers, resulting in a total mass of 20,800 kg (45,860 lbs.). To restrict the number of design variables, the frame members were placed in 13 groups as indicated by the different colors in Figure 3. The structural members in each group were analyzed simultaneously for each design alternative. The model was analyzed under the following four load cases, with the two alternative structural materials of carbon steel and stainless steel: TRUCK & OFF-HIGHWAY ENGINEERING MD Temposonics Ad 0823.indd 1 August 2023 25 7/14/23 12:25 PM OUTOKUMPUhttp://info.hotims.com/84504-711